Entire Section
RPP 5 RPP 5 Enforcement
RPP 5-1 RPP 5-1 The DFSA's Approach to Enforcement
Introduction
RPP 5-1-1
This chapter sets out the
DFSA's approach to enforcement and how it commences and conducts investigations, and exercises its powers to address any misconduct or contravention of the Law, Rules or other legislation administered by theDFSA . TheDFSA's approach to imposing a penalty can be found in chapter 6 of this sourcebook.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-1-2
A reference to:
(a) an Article in this chapter is a reference to an Article in theRegulatory Law , unless otherwise stated;(b) the Law in this chapter is a reference to any legislation administered by theDFSA ; and(c) a notice of decision includes, where applicable, aDecision Notice .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionEnforcement Philosophy
RPP 5-1-3
The
DFSA's enforcement philosophy is guided by the following principles, which govern theDFSA's approach to fulfilling its objectives as set out in Article 8:(a) theDFSA adopts a risk based approach to regulation. This means that theDFSA will generally focus its efforts on those activities that it perceives as posing the greatest risk to the fulfilment of its objectives;(b) theDFSA will act swiftly and decisively to stop conduct which threatens the integrity of theDIFC or the stability of the financial services industry in theDIFC , minimise its effects, and prevent such conduct re-occurring;(c) theDFSA works closely with home state regulators of international firms to ensure that there is a co-ordinated approach to regulation;(d) theDFSA will act fairly, openly, accountably and proportionally in the exercise of its enforcement powers; and(e) theDFSA will not publish details of the commencement or conduct of investigations, unless it is in the furtherance of theDFSA's objectives or the public interest to do so. TheDFSA will generally publish details of the outcome of an enforcement action in keeping with its fair and transparent approach and to maintain the integrity of theDIFC by deterring contraventions of Laws or other misconduct.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-2 RPP 5-2 Enforcement Framework
Introduction
RPP 5-2-1
The
DFSA will take an enforcement action in line with its objectives and enforcement philosophy and may conduct investigations where there is a suspected contravention of the Law.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionGeneral Contravention Provisions
RPP 5-2-2
A
Person contravenes the Law when thatPerson :(a) does an act or thing that thePerson is prohibited from doing by or under the Law;(b) does not do an act or thing that thePerson is required or directed to do by or under the Law; or(c) otherwise contravenes a provision of the Law.14
14Article 85.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionInvolvement in Contravention
RPP 5-2-3
If a
Person is knowingly concerned in a contravention by anotherPerson of the Law then, under Article 86, bothPersons may be held liable for committing a contravention.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-2-4
A
Person is "knowingly concerned" in a contravention15 if thePerson :(a) has aided, abetted, counselled or procured the contravention;(b) has induced, whether by threats or promises or otherwise, the contravention;(c) has in any way, by act or omission, directly or indirectly, been knowingly involved in or been party to, the contravention; or(d) has conspired with another or others to effect the contravention.
15Article 86(7).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionEnforcement Process
RPP 5-2-5
When taking enforcement action, the
DFSA will generally adopt the enforcement process described in this chapter. TheDFSA's enforcement process is comprised of the following elements:(a) Assessment of complaints and referrals (section 5-3);(b) Commencement of an investigation (section 5-4);(c) Information gathering (section 5-5);(d) Remedies (section 5-6); and(e) Conclusion of the Investigation (section 5-19).See Appendix 1 for a diagram of the enforcement process.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3 RPP 5-3 Assessment of Complaints and Referrals
RPP 5-3-1
The assessment of complaints and referrals concerning suspected misconduct or suspected contraventions of the Law is a key function of the
DFSA's regulatory remit and enforcement framework. Every complaint and referral, regardless of source, is assessed to determine whether an investigation or other action ought to take place.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionSources of Complaints and Referrals
RPP 5-3-2
The
DFSA may become aware of suspected misconduct or suspected contraventions of Laws from a variety of sources including:(a) members of the public;(b) its supervisory activities; and(c) other external regulatory authorities or law enforcement agencies.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionComplaints
RPP 5-3-3
The
DFSA receives and assesses two types of complaints:Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-4
A
Person wishing to lodge a complaint with theDFSA should do so in writing. A complaint can be lodged:(a) electronically via the complaints portal on theDFSA website (see http://www.dfsa.ae);(b) by facsimile to 04 362 0801;(c) by sending the complaint to PO Box 75850 Dubai, UAE; or(d) delivering the complaint to theDFSA at Level 13, The Gate Building,DIFC .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-5
When a complaint is received, the
DFSA will send an acknowledgement letter to the complainant which will include the contact details of theDFSA complaints management function.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRegulatory Complaints
RPP 5-3-6
Complaints received by the
DFSA from members of the public which relate to:(a) any conduct of or dissatisfaction with anyPerson regulated by theDFSA ;(b) a potential contravention of a Law or Rule; or(c) any conduct that causes, or may cause, damage to the reputation of theDIFC or the financial services industry in theDIFC ;are classified as regulatory complaints and are assessed through the
DFSA's complaints management function.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-7
If, during the assessment of a regulatory complaint, the
DFSA identifies suspected misconduct or a suspected contravention of a Law, it will refer the complaint to the relevantDFSA division for further consideration. Thereafter, the relevant division assumes responsibility for the complaint.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-8
All complaints lodged with the
DFSA are held in confidence in accordance with theRegulatory Law . However, in order to assess a complaint properly, theDFSA may need to speak to third parties including anyPerson who is the subject of the complaint.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionReferrals
RPP 5-3-9
There are two types of referrals, internal and external. Internal referrals originate from the
DFSA's supervisory activities conducted by the Supervision or Markets Division. TheDFSA's supervisory framework is designed to detect and mitigate risks to theDIFC and the financial services industry in theDIFC . An internal referral occurs when aDFSA supervisory division refers a matter to the Enforcement Division, when the supervisory division has identified possible contraventions of Laws and Rules.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-10
When Enforcement receives an internal referral, the referring division may continue to be responsible for the on-going supervision of the
Person who is the subject of the referral.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-11
The
DFSA may also receive allegations of misconduct through an external referral from other regulatory authorities and law enforcement agencies. Such allegations are generally received pursuant to theIOSCO or IAIS Multilateral Memoranda of Understanding (MMoU), or bilateral arrangements for the exchange of information between theDFSA and other regulatory and enforcement agencies.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionComplaints Against the DFSA and Its Employees
RPP 5-3-12
Complaints about the conduct and activities of the
DFSA and its employees are administered and assessed separately by theDFSA's Office of General Counsel.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-13
Information on how the
DFSA's Office of General Counsel assesses complaints against theDFSA and its employees can be found on theDFSA's website (see http://www.dfsa.ae).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4 RPP 5-4 Commencement of Investigations
Introduction
RPP 5-4-1
Upon receipt of an internal or external referral, the allegation will be assessed to determine if there is a suspicion of a contravention of the Law. If a suspicion arises and it is appropriate and expedient, then the
DFSA may commence an investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4-2
In determining whether to commence an investigation, the
DFSA will consider a number of factors including, but not limited to:(a) the nature, seriousness and impact of the suspected contravention and whether the suspected contravention is on-going;(b) whether the suspected contravention affects, or has the potential to affect, theDFSA objectives;(c) whether those involved in the suspected contravention are likely to co-operate;(d) whether it is likely that the suspected contravention may be proven;(e) the disciplinary record and compliance history of thePerson orPersons involved in the suspected contravention;(f) whether, if proven, a suitable remedy is available;(g) the extent to which another law enforcement agency orFinancial Services Regulator can adequately address the matter and, if so, that body's attitude toward the matter;(h) the nature of any request for assistance made by another regulator or body under Article 39; and(i) whether any party who may have suffered some detriment as a result of the suspected contravention is able to take his own remedial action.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionInvestigation Determination
RPP 5-4-3
Article 78 empowers the
DFSA to conduct such investigations as it considers appropriate and expedient:(a) where it has reason to suspect that a contravention of the Law or the Rules is being or may have been committed; or(b) further to a request for assistance made under Article 39.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4-4
Whether an investigation of a matter is appropriate and expedient is determined by reference to factors such as those set out in paragraph 5-4-2.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4-5
Whether the
DFSA has "reason to suspect" a contravention of the Law is a question which theDFSA will determine on the facts and circumstances, available at the time, of the determination.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4-6
While the
DFSA is not bound to disclose, to any party, that an investigation has commenced or is on-going or the basis upon which an investigation is commenced, it may notify aPerson who is the subject of an investigation that an investigation has commenced, and the nature of the investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4-7
The
DFSA will not make a notification referred to in 5-4-6 if to do so is likely to compromise or prejudice the investigation. TheDFSA will not advise aPerson of the conclusion of an investigation unless thePerson has earlier been notified of its commencement.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4-8
The decision to commence an investigation is not a decision that can be referred to the
Financial Markets Tribunal for review.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5 RPP 5-5 Information Gathering
Introduction
RPP 5-5-1
Once an investigation is commenced, the
DFSA may exercise its powers to gather information to advance its objectives.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-2
The
DFSA's information-gathering powers may only be exercised by delegates of theChief Executive . The delegation need not be limited toDFSA employees. TheChief Executive may delegateDFSA powers to non-DFSA staff who are able to assist aDFSA investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-3
Similarly, where the
DFSA is exercising its powers on behalf of another regulator, it may also delegate powers to a representative of that regulator.16
16 Article 40.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionArticle 80 Powers
RPP 5-5-4
During an investigation, the
DFSA may obtain relevant information and documents on a compulsory basis, principally through the exercise of its powers under Article 80(1), and on a voluntary basis.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-5
The Article 80(1) power to obtain information is a key component of the
DFSA's investigative powers. Without the compulsory powers in Article 80(1), theDFSA would not be able to conduct effective and thorough investigations into suspected misconduct or suspected contraventions of the Law, and consequently would not be able to meet its objectives.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-6
The powers under Article 80(1) are different from the supervisory powers under Article 73(1). The key distinctions are that the Article 80 powers may be used:
(a) only for the purposes of an investigation; and(b) in circumstances where theDFSA considers that aPerson is or may be able to give information or produce a document which is or may be relevant to an investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-7
By comparison, the Article 73(1) power permits the
DFSA to request information and documents from anAuthorised Person ,DNFBP ,Domestic Fund ,Registered Auditor and any director, officer, employees or agent of suchPerson , which theDFSA considers is necessary or desirable to meet the objectives of theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-8
When the
DFSA uses its powers under Article 80(1) (b), (c), (d) or (e), it will provide a written notice to thePerson on whom the requirement is being imposed.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionInspection
RPP 5-5-9
Article 80(1)(a) empowers the
DFSA to enter business premises of aPerson during the course of an investigation for the purpose of inspecting and copying information or documents. This power will be exercised when theDFSA considers that suchPerson is or may be able to provide information or documents that are or may be relevant to an investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-10
The
DFSA will generally not provide prior notice of an inspection in circumstances where the provision of prior notice may prejudice the investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-11
When exercising its power to enter business premises under Article 80(1)(a), the
DFSA may:17(a) require any appropriatePerson to:(i) make available any relevant information stored at the business premises for inspection or copying; or(ii) convert any relevant information into a physical form capable of being copied; and(b) use the facilities of the occupier of the business premises, free of charge, to make copies.
17 Article 80(2).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionProduction of Information
RPP 5-5-12
Article 80(1)(b) empowers the
DFSA to require aPerson to give, or procure the giving of, information. TheDFSA considers that the term "information" should be interpreted broadly, in accordance with its ordinary meaning.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-13
Information may include, for example, the following:
(a) knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular matter, fact or circumstance;(b) knowledge gained through work, commerce, study, communication, research or instruction;(c) data obtained as output from a computer by means of processing input data with a program or any data at any stage of processing including input, output, storage or transmission data;(d) an explanation or statement about a matter;(e) the identification of aPerson , matter or thing; and(f) the provision of a response to a question.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-14
The
DFSA will allow a reasonable period for compliance with the requirement to give information. The reasonableness of the requirement will depend upon the circumstances of each case. TheDFSA may, in some circumstances, require the giving of information straightaway where the giving of prior notice may prejudice the investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionProduction of Documents
RPP 5-5-15
Article 80(1)(c) empowers the
DFSA to require aPerson to produce, or procure the production of, specified documents. TheDFSA considers that the term "document" should be interpreted broadly, in accordance with its ordinary meaning. Specified documents may include, for example, any record of information, including:(a) anything on which there is writing;(b) anything on which there are marks, figures, symbols or perforations having a meaning forPersons qualified to interpret them;(c) anything from which sounds, images or writings can be reproduced with or without the aid of anything else; or(d) a map, plan, drawing or photograph.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-16
This power can only be used when an investigation has commenced and the
DFSA considers that thePerson to whom the notice is addressed is, or may be, able to produce documents which may be relevant to the investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-17
Article 80(1)(c) empowers the
DFSA to require production of original documents or copies. Whether original or copy documents are required by theDFSA will be determined taking into account the facts and circumstances of the investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-18
When exercising its Article 80(1)(c) power, the
DFSA may retain possession of any original document for so long as is necessary for the investigation to which the notice relates. When aPerson is unable to produce documents in compliance with a requirement made by theDFSA , theDFSA may require thePerson to state, to the best of thatPerson's knowledge or belief, where the documents may be found and who last had possession, custody or control of those documents.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-19
The
DFSA will allow a reasonable period of time for compliance with the requirement to produce documents. The reasonableness of the requirement will depend upon the circumstances of each case. TheDFSA may, in some circumstances, require the production of documents straightaway, where the giving of prior notice may prejudice the investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionCompulsory Interview
RPP 5-5-20
Article 80(1)(d) empowers the
DFSA to require aPerson (the interviewee) to attend before an officer, employee or agent of theDFSA (the interviewer) for a compulsory interview to provide oral evidence relevant to an investigation it is conducting.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-21
During the course of an investigation, not all interviews will be conducted under compulsion. The
DFSA may, where appropriate, conduct voluntary interviews. The decision as to whether a compulsory or voluntary interview will be conducted will depend upon the circumstances of the particular case.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-22
A
Person attending a compulsory interview must first be served with a written notice requiring his attendance. An interviewee is not entitled to refuse or fail to answer a question on the basis that his answers may incriminate him or make him liable for a penalty.18
18 Article 82.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-23
A compulsory interview will be conducted in private and the interviewer may give directions19 to the interviewee regarding:
(a) who may be present during the interview;(b) swearing an oath, or giving an affirmation, that the answers provided will be true;(c) what, if any, information may be disclosed by the interviewee or any otherPerson present at the interview to any third party;(d) the conduct of anyPerson and the manner in which they will participate during the interview; and(e) answering any question which is relevant to the investigation.
19 Article 80(3).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-24
An interviewee is entitled to legal representation during the course of a compulsory or voluntary interview. At the conclusion of the interview, the lawyer will be permitted to address any issues with the interviewer or interviewee relevant to the investigation. However, the lawyer is not permitted to answer questions on behalf of the interviewee or obstruct the investigation.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-25
All compulsory interviews will be recorded. The
DFSA will, upon a written request from the interviewee at the conclusion of the interview, provide the interviewee or his lawyer with a copy of the recording or a transcript of the interview. The provision of a recording or transcript may be subject to any reasonable conditions imposed by theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionAssistance
RPP 5-5-26
Article 80(1)(e) empowers the
DFSA to require aPerson to give it any assistance in relation to an investigation which thePerson is able to give.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-27
The
DFSA considers that providing assistance may include requiring aPerson to do a physical act or provide information to advance an investigation. For example, this may include the situation where theDFSA requires aPerson to provide assistance by commenting on the accuracy of a document or compiling information that had been stored in a different manner.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-28
The power under Article 80(1)(e) can be used independently, or in conjunction with, the exercise of other Article 80(1) powers. For example, the
DFSA can exercise its powers under Article 80(1)(d), to require aPerson to attend a compulsory interview and under Article 80(1)(e), to require the interviewee to provide reasonable assistance during the interview. For example, the interviewee may be required, during the interview, to draw a diagram, or locate and produce a document referred to in an answer to a question.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionConfidentiality
RPP 5-5-29
When carrying out its regulatory functions, the
DFSA must maintain confidentiality of information, unless disclosure is expressly sanctioned by Article 38. TheDFSA's Policy Statement with respect to Confidential Regulatory Information outlines its policy in respect of the treatment of information and documents.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-30
The
DFSA may also impose obligations of confidentiality in respect of information and documents provided during the exercise of its powers under Article 80(1).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-31
The
DFSA can make directions20 to protect the confidentiality of information and documents which are part of a compulsory interview.
20 Article 80(3)(b).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-32
The
DFSA can direct the recipient of an Article 80(1) (b), (c), (d) or (e) notice not to disclose the receipt of the notice, or any information relating to compliance with it, to any otherPerson , other than his legal representative, if it considers that such disclosure may hinder an investigation21.
21 Article 80A(6).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-33
Confidentiality directions are made to ensure that an investigation is not prejudiced by the disclosure of the nature of the information sought or the questions asked during an investigation. In each case, the
DFSA needs to consider whether or not such directions are appropriate in the circumstances of that matter.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionProtections
RPP 5-5-34
Parties who are required to comply with a requirement made by the
DFSA during the course of an investigation, andPersons who are the subject of an investigation, benefit from certain protections in theRegulatory Law , including:(a) Article 38, which provides that confidential information provided to theDFSA must not be disclosed except in certain limited circumstances;(b) Article 80A(2), which provides that where aPerson takes part in a compulsory interview, any statements made during the interview cannot be disclosed by theDFSA to a law enforcement agency for the purpose of criminal proceedings unless thePerson consents to the disclosure or theDFSA is required by law or court order to disclose the statement; and(c) Article 81, which ensures that aPerson who is required to comply with a requirement made during the course of an investigation cannot be subject to any liability or liable in any proceeding because of thatPerson's compliance with the requirement.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionClaims of Privilege and Other Protections
RPP 5-5-35
A claim by a
Person that information is aPrivileged Communication is not of itself an excuse for failing to comply with a requirement made by theDFSA during the course of an investigation.22
22 Article 82.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-36
A lawyer may refuse to comply with a requirement to provide information where to comply would require the lawyer to disclose a
Privileged Communication made by, to, or on behalf of, the lawyer in his capacity as a lawyer in relation to a client.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-37
Should a lawyer refuse to disclose a
Privileged Communication , the lawyer must disclose sufficient information to identify thePerson entitled to claim the privilege and the document which contains the privileged information. In such a case, theDFSA considers it appropriate for a lawyer to secure those documents, pending the resolution of any claim for privilege.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionEnforcement of the DFSA's Investigative Powers
RPP 5-5-38
The
DFSA will enforce compliance with its requirements, under Articles 73, 74 or 80, whenever there is less than full compliance by seeking orders in theDIFC Court .23
23 Article 84(1).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-39
Articles 84(1) and (2) empower the
DFSA to apply to theCourt for an injunction or the issue of a search warrant in order to enforce compliance with its requirements under Articles 73, 74 or 80. An application to theCourt for a search warrant will be made in circumstances where:(a) information or documents were required to be given or produced by the exercise of a compulsory power;(b) the documents or information required to be produced have not been given or produced; and(c) theDFSA has reasonable grounds to suspect that within the next three business days, the information or those documents are, or may be, on particular premises.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-40
Should the
Court exercise its discretion to issue a search warrant, it may be addressed to a named Dubai Police Officer together with any other individual, including aDFSA officer or third party, named in the warrant.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-41
The
DFSA may exercise its right to apply for a search warrant, rather than seeking compliance with its requirement through some other process (such as an injunction), only where it is satisfied that:(a) the preconditions in Article 84(2) for the issue of a warrant are met;(b) theDFSA considers it necessary or desirable to seek the assistance of the Dubai Police;(c) there does not appear to be a legitimate basis for non-compliance; and(d) in the absence of the execution of a search warrant, the information or documents sought may be removed or destroyed or otherwise not made available.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-42
Any material seized by officers of the
DFSA pursuant to a search warrant issued under Article 84 may be dealt with by theDFSA as if the material had been produced to it under a notice to produce documents.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionObstruction of the DFSA
RPP 5-5-43
A
Person must not, without reasonable excuse, engage in conduct that is intended to obstruct theDFSA in the exercise of its investigative powers by any means including, but not limited to, the following:(a) the destruction of documents;(b) the failure to give or produce information or documents specified by theDFSA ;(c) the failure to attend before theDFSA at a specified time and place to answer questions;(d) the giving of information that is false or misleading; or(e) the failure to give any assistance in relation to an investigation which thePerson is able to give24.
24 Article 83.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-44
Any breach of Article 83 will be regarded seriously by the
DFSA and appropriate action will be taken.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionReturn of Information and Documents
RPP 5-5-45
Where the
DFSA 25 has obtained originals of information or documents during the course of an investigation, theDFSA will usually return such information or documents to thePerson , from whom the information and documents were received, as soon as practicable after the conclusion of the investigation or related proceedings.
25Article 80A(3).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-46
Where information or documents have been produced to the
DFSA in the course of an investigation to assist another regulator or agency, theDFSA may26 release the information or documents to that other regulator or agency. The information and documents will usually be returned to thePerson , from whom the information and documents were received, as soon as practicable after receiving them back from the other regulator or agency.
26Article 38.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6 RPP 5-6 Remedies
RPP 5-6-1
At the conclusion of an investigation, the
DFSA may:(a) take no further action;(b) commence a settlement negotiation;(c) accept a settlement;(d) accept an enforceable undertaking;27(e) seek to have the matter referred to a decision-maker (see Chapter 7);(f) commenceCourt proceedings;28(g) exercise a power on behalf of another regulator;29 and(h) delegate a power to another regulator.30
27Article 89.
28Articles 84, 92, 93, 94 and 95.
29Article 39.
30Article 40.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6-2
There are a range of remedies which the
DFSA may pursue to achieve its objectives and theDFSA may, in any matter, pursue more than one remedy. The types of remedies, along with an indication of theDFSA's approach to the use of these remedies, are set out in sections 5-7 to 5-18 of this chapter and in chapter 4.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6-3
The Decision Making Committee (DMC) is an internal committee of the
DFSA established to consider and make certain regulatory decisions of theDFSA . For more information on the DMC see section 7-7 in chapter 7.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6-4
Whilst not an exhaustive list, the
DFSA may refer a matter for determination to the DMC for the:(a) imposition of a fine;31(b) imposition of a censure;19(c) imposition of conditions or restrictions on aLicence or in relation to aLicence endorsement;32(d) withdrawal of an authorisation under, or endorsement on, aLicence ;33(e) withdrawal of aLicence ;34(f) imposition of conditions or restrictions on anAuthorised Individual orKey Individual ;35(g) restriction or suspension of anAuthorised Individual orKey Individual , or the withdrawal of his or her authorisation;36(h) withdrawal of the registration of aDNFBP ;(i) revocation of recognition;(j) appointment of a manager;37 or(k) withdrawal or suspension of the registration of aRegistered Auditor orAudit Principal ;38
31 Article 90.
32 Article 49.
33 Article 50.
34 Article 51.
35 Article 56.
36 Article 58.
37 Article 88.
38 Article 98A.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6-5
When the
DFSA uses a power specified in sections 5-7 to 5-9 in this chapter, it will follow the decision making procedures set out in Schedule 3 of theRegulatory Law . See also chapter 7 of the RPP regarding theDFSA's decision making process.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6-6
When the
DFSA uses a power specified in sections 5-10 to 5-18 in this chapter, it will follow the procedures set out in the relevant section.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6-7
The
DFSA does not have criminal jurisdiction. Should criminal conduct be identified, then it will be referred to the appropriate law enforcement agency.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-7 RPP 5-7 Appointment of Managers
RPP 5-7-1
Under Article 88, the
DFSA may require anAuthorised Person to appoint one or more individuals to act as a manager of the business of thePerson on such terms as theDFSA may stipulate. Such individuals must be nominated or approved by theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-7-2
The types of circumstances in which the
DFSA may exercise this power are set out in Article 88(3). For example, theDFSA may require anAuthorised Person to appoint a manager where it has concerns about the solvency or the level of compliance with prudential requirements of anAuthorised Person .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-7-3
An
Authorised Person may receive an opportunity to make representations prior to being required to appoint a manager in accordance with the procedures set out in Schedule 3 of theRegulatory Law . However, in circumstances of urgency, theDFSA may not give advance notice of the proposed requirement and may not provide the relevantAuthorised Person with the opportunity to make representations prior to the imposition of the requirement.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-7-4
When the
DFSA does require anAuthorised Person to appoint a manager, it will do so in writing, setting out:(a) that theAuthorised Person is required to appoint a manager;(b) the time by which such manager must be appointed;(c) the reasons for theAuthorised Person being required to appoint a manager;(d) the individual nominated by theDFSA to be the manager or the process by which approval may be given by theDFSA ; and(e) the fact that theAuthorised Person may have the decision reviewed by theFinancial Markets Tribunal .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-7-5
The
DFSA recognises that the use of its Article 88 power to appoint a manager is likely to have a significant impact on anAuthorised Person . Accordingly, theDFSA is likely to exercise such power only in exceptional circumstances.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-7-6
In considering whether a manager should be appointed, the
DFSA will take into consideration all relevant circumstances including, but not limited to, the following matters:(a) the nature and extent of the business of theAuthorised Person ;(b) the nature of theDFSA's concerns in relation to theAuthorised Person and whether they affect, or have the potential to affect, theDFSA's objectives;(c) whether theDFSA's concerns in relation to theAuthorised Person may be addressed by the appointment of a manager;(d) where theDFSA considers it necessary to protect regulated entities and customers in theDIFC ;(e) whether an appropriately qualified manager may be available and willing to undertake the appointment;(f) the likely duration of the appointment; and(g) the likely impact of costs associated with the appointment of a manager.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-8 RPP 5-8 Fines
RPP 5-8-1
The
DFSA may seek to impose a fine under Article 90 on aPerson whom it considers has contravened a provision of the Law. TheDFSA may impose a fine in any amount considered appropriate.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-8-2
In determining whether to impose a fine and the quantum of the fine, the
DFSA will take into consideration the circumstances of the conduct and will be guided by the penalty guidance set out in chapter 6 of the RPP.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-8-3
The decision to impose a fine on a
Person will be made by the DMC.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-8-4
Prior to making a decision, the DMC will follow the procedures set out in Schedule 3 of the
Regulatory Law (see also chapter 7 of the RPP).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-8-5
If a
Person receives a notice imposing a fine and does not pay the full amount of the fine, theDFSA may recover so much of the fine as remains outstanding as a debt due, together with costs incurred by theDFSA in recovering such amount.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-9 RPP 5-9 Censures
RPP 5-9-1
The
DFSA may, under Article 90, seek to censure aPerson whom it considers has contravened a provision of the Law and Rules it administers.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-9-2
The decision to censure a
Person will be made by the DMC. Prior to making a decision, the DMC will follow the procedures set out in Schedule 3 of theRegulatory Law (see chapter 7 of the RPP).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-9-3
In determining whether to censure a
Person , theDFSA will take into consideration the circumstances of the conduct and will be guided by the penalty guidance set out in section 6-3 of this sourcebook.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-10 RPP 5-10 Injunctions and Orders
RPP 5-10-1
The
DFSA has a broad power to make an application to theCourt for injunctive relief and other orders (Article 92). TheDFSA may seek orders including, but not limited to:(a) an order restraining aPerson that is engaging in conduct that would constitute a contravention of the Law;(b) an order requiring aPerson to do an act or thing to remedy a contravention or to minimise loss or damage; or(c) any other order as theCourt sees fit, including an order restraining the transfer of assets or the movement of individuals.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-10-2
In deciding whether an application for an injunction or other order is appropriate in any given case, the
DFSA will consider all relevant circumstances including, but not limited to, the following matters:(a) the nature, seriousness and impact of the contravention and whether the contravention is on-going;(b) whether the contravention affects, or has the potential to affect, theDFSA's objectives;(c) whether any party who may have suffered some detriment as a result of the contravention is able to take their own remedial action;(d) where theDFSA considers it necessary to protect regulated entities and customers in theDIFC ;(e) whether there is a danger of assets being dissipated or removed from the jurisdiction of theCourt ;(f) whether there is a danger that thePerson orPersons may leave the jurisdiction and, if so, the effect that their absence may have on the effectiveness of theCourt's orders;(g) the costs theDFSA would incur in applying for and enforcing an injunction or other orders and the likely effectiveness of such an injunction or other order;(h) the disciplinary record and compliance history of thePerson ;(i) whether a suitable remedy is available;(j) the extent to which another law enforcement agency orFinancial Services Regulator can adequately address the matter and, if so, that body's attitude to the matter; and(k) whether there is information to suggest that thePerson who is the subject of the possible application is or has been involved in money laundering, terrorist financing or other form of financial crime or criminal conduct.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-11 RPP 5-11 Civil Proceedings
RPP 5-11-1
Article 94 provides that where a
Person has:(a) intentionally, recklessly or negligently committed a breach of duty, requirement, prohibition, obligation or responsibility imposed under the Law; or(b) committed fraud or other dishonest conduct in connection with the matter arising under the Law;the
Person is liable to compensate any otherPerson for any loss or damage caused to that otherPerson as a result of such conduct.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-11-2
Article 94(2) provides that the
Court may, on application of theDFSA , or of aPerson who has suffered the loss or damage, make orders for the recovery of damages or for compensation or for the recovery of property or other order as theCourt sees fit, except where such liability is excluded under the Law and Rules administered by theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-11-3
Article 94 gives the
DFSA , and any aggrievedPersons , broad powers to make application for recovery of damages and other orders where there has been an identified contravention of the Laws and Rules administered by theDFSA . An aggrievedPerson may exercise rights provided under Article 94 independently of, or contemporaneously with, theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-11-4
The
DFSA may decide not to commence proceedings in every case where there may have been a relevant contravention. This does not, however, prevent any aggrievedPerson from commencing his own proceedings.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-11-5
In determining whether to commence proceedings, the
DFSA will take into account all relevant circumstances. It is not possible to provide an exhaustive list of the circumstances that may be taken into account, as they may depend on the facts of the particular matter. However, the following list indicates some of those matters that may be considered:(a) the nature, seriousness and impact of the suspected contravention and whether the alleged contravention is on-going;(b) whether the conduct and contravention affects, or has the potential to affect, theDFSA objectives;(c) whether any party who may have suffered some detriment as a result of the alleged contravention is able to take his own remedial action;(d) in circumstances where more than onePerson has suffered loss or damage:(i) the number of those that have suffered loss or damage and the amount of loss or damage involved; and(ii) whether it is convenient or possible for a class of aggrievedPersons to run a proceeding;(e) the cost that theDFSA would incur in applying for or enforcing any order that it is successful in obtaining;(f) whether the conduct in question can be adequately addressed by the use of other regulatory powers;(g) whether there is information to suggest that thePerson is or has been, involved in money laundering, terrorist financing or other form of financial crime or criminal conduct; and(h) whether theDFSA has a reasonable prospect of success in the relevant proceedings.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-12 RPP 5-12 The Compulsory Winding Up of a Regulated Entity
RPP 5-12-1
The
DFSA may apply to theCourt for the winding up of a company which is, or has been, anAuthorised Person , or operating in breach of the Financial Services Prohibition, where it considers it is just and equitable and in the interests of theDIFC 39.
39 Article 93.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-12-2
In deciding whether such an application is just and equitable and in the interests of the
DIFC , theDFSA will consider all relevant circumstances, including but not limited to, the following matters:(a) the need to protect the company'sClients , particularly in cases where anAuthorised Firm holds or controlsClient Assets ;(b) whether the company has operated in accordance with the laws of theDIFC ;(c) where the company has contravened the Law, the nature, seriousness and impact of the contravention and whether the contravention is on-going;(d) where the company has contravened the Law, whether any alleged contravention affects, or has the potential to affect, theDFSA objectives;(e) where the company has contravened the Law, whether there are any other steps aPerson could take or other orders aCourt could make to remedy any contravention;(f) whether the needs of those operating in theDIFC and the interests of theDIFC are best served by the company ceasing to operate;(g) in the case of anAuthorised Firm , where theDFSA considers that itsLicence should be withdrawn or where it has been withdrawn, the extent to which there is other business that the firm carries on without authorisation;(h) whether there is information to suggest that the company is or has been involved in money laundering, terrorist financing or other form of financial crime or other criminal conduct;(i) where there is a significant cross-border or international element to the business being carried on by the company, the impact on the business in other jurisdictions and whether another law enforcement agency orFinancial Services Regulator can adequately address the matter and, if so, that body's attitude to the matter;(j) the extent to which the company has cooperated, and is likely to continue to cooperate, with theDFSA ; and(k) the nature of the involvement of the officers of a company in the foregoing and whether this suggests a systemic failure within the company.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-13 RPP 5-13 Markets Law — Orders in the Interests of the DIFC
RPP 5-13-1
Article 68 of the Markets Law 2012 provides that the
Court , on application by theDFSA , may make one of a range of orders in relation to aPerson , irrespective of whether a contravention has occurred, if it is satisfied that it is in the interests of theDIFC for such an order to be made.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-13-2
The
DFSA may seek orders from theCourt , including, but not limited to:(a) an order that trading in anyInvestments cease permanently or for such period as is specified in the order;(b) an order that a disclosure be made to the market;(c) an order that aPerson is prohibited from making offers ofSecurities in or from theDIFC ; or(d) an order that aPerson is prohibited from being involved inReporting Entities ,Listed Funds orSecurities within theDIFC .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-13-3
Before the
DFSA can make an application for an order (whether interim, ex parte or final), theDFSA must be satisfied that such an order would be in the interests of theDIFC and will take into account all relevant circumstances, including, but not limited to, the following:(a) the nature and extent of the conduct or any other matters in question;(b) the effect of the conduct or any other matters on the market and theDFSA's objectives;(c) whether the market is currently informed of all material information;(d) what steps the relevantPerson has taken in respect of the conduct or any other matters being considered;(e) whether any other form of relief is available to theDFSA or appropriate in the circumstances;(f) whether the relevant conduct or any other matters could have a significant impact on the integrity of theDIFC market or the confidence in that market; and(g) the effect of the conduct or any other matters on the interests of participants in theDIFC .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-14 RPP 5-14 Intervention Power
RPP 5-14-1
Article 95 empowers the
DFSA to intervene as a party in any proceeding in theCourt where it considers such intervention appropriate to meet the objectives of theDFSA . Where theDFSA intervenes, it shall be subject to any other law, and have all the rights, duties and liabilities of such a party.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-14-2
This provision does not affect the ability of the
DFSA to seek leave to appear in proceedings as amicus curiae (i.e. someone not a party to a case, who volunteers to offer information to assist a court in deciding a matter before it), to make submissions on an issue of significance to theDIFC , or to place material before theCourt that may otherwise not be available.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-14-3
The
DFSA will generally only exercise this right of intervention where it forms the view that it will not be able to meet its objectives by simply appearing as amicus curiae and that, to serve the interests of theDIFC fully, it is necessary to join the proceeding as a party and stay involved in the matter throughout.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-15 RPP 5-15 Settlement Guidance
RPP 5-15-1
A settlement is a resolution, between the
DFSA and aPerson who is subject to potential enforcement action, to agree an outcome resulting from an investigation. APerson who is or may be the subject of any form of enforcement action arising out of, or during the course of, an investigation may enter into settlement discussions with theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-15-2
Settlement discussions are possible at any stage of the enforcement process, either before or after enforcement action has commenced. However, to be eligible for a discount on the amount of a financial penalty, settlement must be agreed within the period specified by the DFSA (see section 6-8). When considering whether or not to enter into negotiations for settlement, or a settlement agreement, the
DFSA will consider its objectives.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-3
The
DFSA generally considers that settlement of an investigation advances its objectives in that it may result in, for example, consumers obtaining compensation sooner, the saving ofDFSA and industry resources, and the promotion of good business and regulatory practices.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-4
The
DFSA's general view is that settlement discussions should take place as early as possible. However, theDFSA will only be able to settle when it is confident it has sufficient understanding of the nature and gravity of the suspected misconduct to make a reasonable assessment of the appropriate outcome.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-15-5
The
DFSA conducts settlement discussions on a "without prejudice" basis; namely, that no party to the discussions may subsequently rely upon any admissions or statements made during the course of the settlement discussion or on any document recording those discussions.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-15-6
The
DFSA will only settle when the agreed terms result in what theDFSA considers to be an appropriate regulatory outcome.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-15-7
Settlement in particular circumstances should not be regarded as binding precedent for future settlement discussions.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-8
Where appropriate, the
DFSA will provide the other party to a settlement discussion with copies of relevant material which it has relied upon in making findings in an investigation. However, some information may not be provided at the settlement stage. This would include information which is privileged, or information which theDFSA does not have the right or authority to disclose to the other party, such as information provided to theDFSA in confidence by another regulator.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionSettlement Decision Makers
RPP 5-15-9
The process for reaching a settled outcome is different to the process for the DFSA to exercise formally a discretionary power. For example, most of the DFSA’s formal decision making policy in chapter 7 of RPP and many of the requirements in Schedule 3 to the Regulatory Law do not apply.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-10
The decision about whether to accept a settlement offer will be taken by a senior member of DFSA staff who has not been directly involved in establishing the evidence on which the decision to take the action is based. That person is referred to as a Settlement Decision Maker.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-11
Settlement Decision Makers will generally come from the same pool of staff as persons who may be on a Decision Making Committee (DMC) (see section 7-7). The DMC is the DFSA’s decision maker for enforcement decisions in cases that have not been resolved through settlement. If a Settlement Decision Maker has been involved in considering a matter which ultimately does not result in agreement, then that person will generally not be a member of the DMC for that matter.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-12
The case team will conduct the settlement negotiations with the Person(s) concerned. If agreement is reached, the case team will recommend to the Settlement Decision Maker that the settlement be approved. It will be for the Settlement Decision Maker to decide, on behalf of the DFSA, whether to accept the settlement on the agreed terms. If approved, the agreed terms will then be included in the appropriate form of settlement as set out in the following paragraphs.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionForm of Settlement
RPP 5-15-13
The
DFSA will generally only settle an enforcement matter on the basis of either:(a) a notice of decision setting out the action taken (see 5-15-14); or(b) an Enforceable Undertaking (EU) (see 5-15-15).In appropriate cases, the
DFSA may settle a matter on the basis of both a notice of decision and an EU. Any settlement entered into by theDFSA , which results in a notice of decision, will be documented in the form of a legally enforceable agreement executed by all parties.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionNotice of Decision
RPP 5-15-14
When the
DFSA agrees to settle an enforcement matter, the outcome of the settlement may result in an agreed notice of decision. The issue of such a notice promotes consistency of regulatory outcomes and transparency of approach to enforcement decision making.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionEnforceable Undertakings
RPP 5-15-15
An EU is a written promise, made under Article 89, to do or refrain from doing a specified act or acts. It is an alternative mechanism for addressing the
DFSA's concerns, including regulating contraventions of the Law. It may, amongst other things, include remedial actions that are not otherwise available under a notice of decision.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 28th January 2016). February 2016 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionAcceptance of an Enforceable Undertaking
RPP 5-15-16
An EU may be given by a
Person and accepted by theDFSA at any time, either before, during or after an investigation, the making of a decision or the commencement of litigation or proceedings in theCourt . TheDFSA does not have the power to require aPerson to enter into an EU nor can aPerson compel theDFSA to accept an EU. This does not mean, however, that theDFSA cannot propose an EU to aPerson , during the course of settlement negotiations, or provide aPerson with a draft EU to provide guidance as to the terms of an EU that theDFSA would be willing to accept.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-17
The
DFSA may accept an EU that it considers necessary or desirable in pursuit of its objectives. Article 89 does not prescribe a particular structure or format to an EU or the circumstances in which an EU would be acceptable to theDFSA . TheDFSA will consider all the relevant circumstances of a matter when deciding whether to accept an EU including whether other regulatory tools, for example a notice of decision, might achieve a more appropriate outcome in the particular matter. However, in the context of an enforcement matter, theDFSA will generally only accept an EU that:(a) contains an admission or acknowledgement of any contraventions of the Law or theDFSA's concerns;(b) contains undertakings that address theDFSA's concerns; and(c) contains an agreement to make the EU public, and an agreement not to make public statements that conflict with the spirit of the EU.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 28th January 2016). February 2016 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-18
A
Person offering an EU to theDFSA may also undertake in the EU to pay a pecuniary penalty and/or theDFSA's costs, including any costs associated with compliance with the EU.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-19
An EU will not take effect until it is formally accepted by the
Chief Executive of theDFSA or his delegate.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionVariation or Withdrawal
RPP 5-15-20
Once accepted by the
DFSA , an EU can only be withdrawn or varied with the consent of theDFSA in writing. TheDFSA will only consider a request to vary an undertaking if:(a) the variation will not alter the spirit of the original undertaking;(b) compliance with any one or more terms of the undertaking is subsequently found to be impractical or impossible; or(c) there has been a material change in the circumstances which led to the undertaking being given.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionCompliance with an EU or Decision
RPP 5-15-21
If the
DFSA considers that aPerson has not complied with a term of the EU or a decision, theDFSA may apply to theCourt for appropriate orders. TheDFSA may publish the fact of the application to theCourt and any subsequent orders of theCourt . TheDFSA will also seek the costs of the application.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-16 RPP 5-16 Costs
RPP 5-16-1
The
DFSA will generally seek litigation costs orders from theCourt where it has commenced a proceeding and been successful in achieving all or part of the outcome sought.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-16-2
Where a
Person is found by theFMT or theCourt to have contravened a provision of the Law, theFMT orCourt may order40 thatPerson to reimburse theDFSA in respect of the whole or a specified part of the costs and expenses of the investigation, including the remuneration of an officer involved in the investigation.
40 Article 79(2).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionUndertakings as to Damages
RPP 5-16-3
Under Article 47(1) of the
Court Law, theCourt shall not require theDFSA to give an undertaking as to damages as a condition for granting an injunction or any order made under DIFC Law. In making any order theCourt shall not take into account, in determining the merits of an application for the injunction, that theDFSA has not given an undertaking as to damages.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionEnforcement of Orders
RPP 5-16-4
The
DFSA will do all things necessary and, where appropriate, commence relevant actions to ensure full compliance with any orders of theFMT or of theCourt which arise out of an investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-16-5
In particular, Article 90(10) provides that the
DFSA may apply to theCourt for recovery, as a debt due, of so much of a fine as is not paid by a party together with costs. Further, in appropriate circumstances, theDFSA may apply to theCourt for the winding up of a body corporate.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17 RPP 5-17 Publicity
RPP 5-17-1
This section describes how the
DFSA may comment publicly on investigations, enforcement actions and other formal regulatory decisions41, subject to any independent determinations by theFinancial Markets Tribunal (FMT) orCourt .
41 In the remainder of the section we refer to 'enforcement actions', for brevity. Formal regulatory decisions are those that are made by the
DFSA and are reviewable by theFinancial Markets Tribunal .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionGeneral Policy on Publicity of Enforcement Actions
RPP 5-17-2
The
DFSA will generally publish, in such form and manner as it regards appropriate, information and statements relating to enforcement actions, including censures and any other matters which theDFSA considers relevant to the conduct. The publication of enforcement outcomes is consistent with theDFSA's commitment to open and transparent processes and its objectives.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-3
In all cases the
DFSA retains the discretion to take a different course of action, where it furthers theDFSA's achievement of its objectives or is otherwise in the public interest to do so. For example, theDFSA may decide to publish at an earlier stage than suggested by the general policy, where circumstances justify this.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionCommencement and Conclusion of Investigations
RPP 5-17-4
The
DFSA generally will not publish information about the commencement, conduct or conclusion of the investigative phase of its enforcement actions.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-5
Where the
DFSA has published the fact that it is conducting an investigation and no enforcement action results, theDFSA may issue a press release confirming the conclusion of the investigation and that no action is to be taken.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-6
The
DFSA expects not to publish information about referrals to the DMC.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionCommencement of Proceedings
The Decision Making Committee (DMC)
RPP 5-17-7
The DMC will generally be the decision maker for enforcement decisions under Article 90 of the
Regulatory Law . Information about matters before the DMC (e.g. a Preliminary Notice) is not normally published prior to a notice of decision being given to a Person (see RPP 5-17-9 to 5-17-11). Reasons for this include:(a) representations in regard to a matter before the DMC are confidential and made in private;(b) DMC meetings, if any, are held in private; and(c) the release of information by the DMC prior to a full and complete consideration of all representations and facts may be contrary to theDFSA's objectives or not in the public interest.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionFMT or a court
RPP 5-17-8
The
DFSA expects to publish appropriate information about the commencement or hearing of proceedings before theFMT or court, unless otherwise ordered by theFMT or court.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionDisclosure of Decisions
DMC
RPP 5-17-9
The
DFSA will generally make public any decision made by the DMC, and will do so in a timely manner after any relevant period to institute a referral of the decision to theFMT has expired or when a matter is referred to the FMT (see RPP 15-17-11).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-17-10
[deleted]
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-17-11
If the affected
Person exercises its right of referral then, as required by Article 29 of the Regulatory Law, theDFSA will publish appropriate information about the decision which has been referred to the FMT unless publication would, in the DFSA’s opinion, be prejudicial to the interests of the DIFC or the FMT has made an order that such information should not be published. When the referral has been heard and determined, or the FMT proceedings have otherwise come to an end, theDFSA expects to publish information about the outcome of those proceedings (subject only to theFMT ordering otherwise — see 5-17-12).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionFMT or a court decision
RPP 5-17-12
The
Regulatory Law requires allFMT hearings to be heard in public unless theFMT orders otherwise or its rules of procedure provide otherwise. TheFMT may exercise its discretion not to make public any decisions it may make. Where it does determine to publish a decision or interim decision, theFMT will publish these on theDFSA website. Following hearings and decisions by theFMT , theDFSA expects to make timely public disclosure of theFMT's decisions, including any interim decisions, unless otherwise ordered.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-13
Decisions made by the courts will be published by the
DFSA in a timely manner, unless ordered otherwise.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-14
This approach is adopted on the basis that any delay in disclosure may hinder and unfairly prejudice the
DFSA in achieving some of its primary objectives. For example, non-disclosure may potentially prejudice users and prospective users of financial services in theDIFC if they are acting unaware of facts known in the enforcement action.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionDisclosure of Settled Enforcement Actions
RPP 5-17-15
The
DFSA expects to disclose publicly the outcome of any settlement of an enforcement action, including the notice of decision or EU, to ensure all stakeholders and the general public are clearly informed as to the outcome. Settlement agreements which result in a notice of decision or EU will result in the publication of the relevant notice of decision or EU on theDFSA website as well as an associated press release.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-16
The
DFSA may be ordered, or required by law, not to publish information regarding a settlement. For example, disclosure may not occur if a third party has commenced proceedings in the courts in respect of the same conduct and the publication of the undertaking or settlement may prejudice that party's case in the courts. However, simply because a third party has commenced proceedings does not preclude theDFSA from publishing its settlements, including the notice of decision or EU.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionDisclosure of Information about Certain Temporary Suspensions
RPP 5-17-17
The
DFSA will not generally publish information about temporary suspensions imposed under Article 58(5) or Article 98A(5),42 when an investigation is ongoing. However, theDFSA retains discretion to publicise such a suspension if it is considered appropriate.
42 That is, suspensions of
Authorised Individuals ,Key Individuals ,Registered Auditors orAudit Principals pending completion of an investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionContent of Publication
RPP 5-17-18
The
DFSA will generally make appropriate disclosures when publishing notices of decision, EUs proceedings before, and decisions of theFMT or a court.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-19
The
DFSA will take into consideration any privileged or sensitive information when considering the content of its publications. In doing so, it will also consider the possibility that any publication may also potentially affect the rights of a third party and, if so, will endeavour to give that third party an opportunity to make representations on the publication.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionMode of Publication
RPP 5-17-20
Publication may take any one or more forms including, for example, a media release, a statement on the
DFSA website, and any other suitable forums as determined by theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-18 RPP 5-18 Maintenance of Registers
RPP 5-18-1
The
DFSA is also required to publish and maintain a register43 of:(a) grants, withdrawals and suspensions ofLicences ,Licence endorsements and authorisations ofAuthorised Persons ,Authorised Individuals andKey Individuals ;(b) allPersons who are the subject of action taken under Article 58(1) and Article 59;(c) current and past registrations ofDNFBPs ; and(d) current and past registrations, withdrawals and suspensions of registrations ofRegistered Auditors andAudit Principals .
43 Article 62.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-18-2
The
DFSA is not required to publish information on the Register about temporary suspensions imposed under Article 58(5) or Article 98A(5).32 See 5-17-17 for theDFSA's general policy regarding publicising such suspensions.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-19 RPP 5-19 Conclusion of an Investigation
RPP 5-19-1
The
DFSA will conclude an investigation when:(a) it determines to take no further action in response to the suspected contraventions of the Law and Rules subject of the investigation; and(b) all remedies and obligations resulting from an investigation are concluded and fulfilled.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-19-2
The
DFSA may determine to take no further action in respect of the suspected contraventions that are the subject of an investigation due to insufficiency of evidence or in circumstances where pursuing an enforcement action in respect of the suspected contraventions would not accord with theDFSA's objectives.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP Appendix 1 — The Enforcement Process
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 Edition