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Regulatory Policy and Process Sourcebook (RPP) April 2022 Edition
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RPP 1 RPP 1 Introduction
RPP 1-1 RPP 1-1 Purpose
RPP 1-1-1
The purpose of the Regulatory Policy and Process (RPP) Sourcebook is to provide readers with an understanding of how the Dubai Financial Services Authority (
DFSA ) functions and operates and what we expect from the regulated community.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 1-1-2
The RPP contains:
(a) statements ofDFSA's regulatory policy;(b) descriptions of the regulatory processes that we follow when exercising our statutory powers;(c) information as toDFSA's risk based approach to authorisation, supervision and enforcement; and(d) information on matters which theDFSA may assess when considering using specific discretionary powers. For example, this would include those matters which theDFSA may take into consideration when making an assessment of whether anAuthorised Person orAuthorised Individual is fit and proper.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 1-1-3
RPP is therefore relevant to a
Person who is:(a) seeking to be authorised or registered by theDFSA ;(b) al subject to applicable laws,Rules and policies administered by theDFSA such asAuthorised Persons (i.e.Authorised Firms orAuthorised Market Institutions ),DNFBPs ,Registered Auditors ,Audit Principals ,Authorised Individuals ,Key Individuals ,Principal Representatives and any otherPersons subject to theDFSA's regulatory oversight; and(c) otherwise subject to the jurisdiction of theDFSA such as by reason of theDFSA's authority under a delegated power.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 1-1-4
RPP also concerns
Persons who have made or intend to make:(a) anOffer ofSecurities ; or(b) aFinancial Promotion ;in or from the
DIFC .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 1-1-5
The types of
Person mentioned above to whom RPP is relevant are not intended to be exhaustive and suchPersons are generally referred to in this Sourcebook as a “firm” unless the context provides otherwise.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 EditionRPP 1-2 RPP 1-2 Status
RPP 1-2-1
The information in RPP is issued under Article 116(2) of the
Regulatory Law 2004 (theRegulatory Law ). RPP is for information purposes only and forms one of theDFSA's Sourcebook modules. RPP contains policy and process information which is indicative and non-binding.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 1-2-2
RPP is not an exhaustive source of the
DFSA's policy on the exercise of its statutory powers and discretions. To the extent that it sets out how theDFSA may act in certain circumstances, the information in RPP does not bind theDFSA and nor does it necessarily create a legitimate expectation for Persons who might reasonably seek to rely upon it. RPP should not be relied upon as a safe harbour by anyPerson .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 1-2-3
Anyone reading RPP should also refer to the:
(a)DIFC Laws, includingDFSA administered Laws ("Laws");(b)DFSA Rulebook ("Rules"); and(c) other parts of theDFSA Sourcebook ("Sourcebook");that may impact on them.
Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 1-2-4
The Laws and
Rules set out the precise scope and effect of any particular provision referred to in RPP. If you have any doubt about a legal or other provision or your responsibilities under the Law,Rules or other relevant requirements, you should seek appropriate legal advice.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 1-2-5
The Sourcebook comprises a number of modules such as the Prudential Returns (
PRU ) module and the Application, Forms and Notices (AFN) module.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 1-3 RPP 1-3 Updating the RPP
RPP 1-3-1
We shall take reasonable steps to review the RPP to ensure that it remains current. We shall also make amendments where there are changes in our policy or processes in light of our regulatory experience and to reflect legal and market developments in the
DIFC or in the relevant standards and practices set by international regulatory bodies. This may result in new chapters being added or existing chapters being amended or merged or deleted, as is necessary.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 1-4 RPP 1-4 Defined Terms
RPP 1-4-1
In order to be consistent and accurate when referring to terms that have specific meaning elsewhere, defined terms are identified throughout RPP by the capitalisation of the initial letter of a word or each word of a phrase and are defined in the Glossary module (GLO) of the
DFSA's Rulebook. Unless the context otherwise requires, where capitalisation of the initial letter is not used, an expression has its natural meaning.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 1-5 RPP 1-5 DFSA's Regulatory Mandate
RPP 1-5-1
The
DFSA is the independent regulator of financial and ancillary services conducted in or from the Dubai International Financial Centre (DIFC ), a purpose-built financial free-zone in Dubai.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 1-5-2
The
DFSA's regulatory oversight includes asset management, banking and credit services, securities, collective investment funds, custody and trust services, commodities futures trading, Islamic finance, insurance, an international equities and derivatives exchange and an international commodities derivatives exchange.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 1-5-3
The
DFSA's mandate is to ensure that theDIFC is one of the best regulated international financial centres in the world, a centre based on principles of integrity, transparency and efficiency.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 1-5-4
The international standards adopted and applied by the
DFSA in theDIFC are those set by leading international organisations such as, BCBS (Basel Committee on Banking Supervision), IAIS (International Association of Insurance Supervisors), IOSCO (International Organisation of Securities Commissions) and FATF (Financial Action Task Force).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 1-6 RPP 1-6 DFSA's Objectives and Guiding Principles
RPP 1-6-1
In discharging its regulatory mandate, the
DFSA has a statutory obligation under Article 8(3) of theRegulatory Law to pursue the following objectives:(a) to foster and maintain fairness, transparency and efficiency in the financial services industry (namely, the financial services and related activities carried on) in theDIFC ;(b) to foster and maintain confidence in the financial services industry in theDIFC ;(c) to foster and maintain the financial stability of the financial services industry in theDIFC , including the reduction of systemic risk;(d) to prevent, detect and restrain conduct that causes or may cause damage to the reputation of theDIFC or the financial services industry in theDIFC , through appropriate means, including the imposition of sanctions;(e) to protect direct and indirect users and prospective users of the financial services industry in theDIFC ;(f) to promote public understanding of the regulation of the financial services industry in theDIFC ; and(g) to pursue any other objectives as the Ruler of Dubai may from time to time set underDIFC Law.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 1-6-2
In exercising its powers and performing its functions, the
DFSA has regard to the following guiding principles as set out in Article 8(4) of theRegulatory Law , being the desirability of:(a) pursuing the objectives of theDIFC as set out underDubai Law in so far as it is appropriate and proper for theDFSA to do so;(b) fostering the development of theDIFC as an internationally respected financial centre;(c) co-operating with and providing assistance to regulatory authorities in the United Arab Emirates and other jurisdictions;(d) minimising the adverse effects of the activities of theDFSA on competition in the financial services industry;(e) using its resources in the most efficient way;(f) ensuring the cost of regulation is proportionate to its benefit;(g) exercising its powers and performing its functions in a transparent manner; and(h) complying with relevant generally accepted principles of good governance.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 1-7 RPP 1-7 DFSA's Regulatory Structure
RPP 1-7-1
The
DFSA is structured into a number of divisions and departments. For the purpose of this Sourcebook, the most relevant are as follows:Supervision
(a) The Supervision Division authorises firms and individuals to conductFinancial Services in or from theDIFC . This Division also registersDNFBPs andRegistered Auditors (see Chapter 2).(b) This Division also conducts supervisory oversight on allAuthorised Firms ,DNFBPs andRegistered Auditors , including by conducting risk assessments. The scope and frequency of such assessments are dictated by the nature of the firm's activities and its perceived risks. From time to time, Supervision carries out thematic reviews inspired by topical events which have both local and international relevance (see Chapter 3).Markets
(c) The Markets Division licenses and supervisesAuthorised Market Institutions in theDIFC (see Chapters 2 and 3).(d) The Division also recognises those financial markets that operate an exchange or clearing house outside theDIFC without having a physical presence in theDIFC but make their services available toPersons in theDIFC . Trading and Clearing members of anAuthorised Market Institution who operate in a jurisdiction other than theDIFC and do not have a physical presence in theDIFC are also recognised by the Division.(e) The Division is also responsible for regulatingOffers ofSecurities in or from theDIFC , and supervisesReporting Entities by monitoring their ongoing market disclosures and compliance withRules .Enforcement
(f) The primary function of the Enforcement Division is to prevent, detect and restrain conduct that causes or may cause damage to the reputation of theDIFC or the financial services industry in theDIFC . Consequently, the Enforcement Division is responsible for:(i) liaising and co-operating with international regulatory and enforcement agencies under relevant multilateral memoranda of understanding or bilateral arrangements in relation to investigation and enforcement matters;(ii) conducting investigations commenced under Article 78 of theRegulatory Law in respect of contraventions ofDFSA administered Laws andRules ; and(iii) the taking of enforcement action in circumstances where contraventions ofDFSA administered Laws andRules pose an unacceptable risk to theDIFC .(g) TheDFSA has a range of remedies to enforce the legislation that we administer see Chapters 4 and 5.Policy and Strategy Division
(h) The Policy and Strategy Division is responsible for theDFSA's policy framework, including its maintenance and development, as well as providing advice on the intent of the policy framework to Divisions of theDFSA .(i) The Division also oversees theDFSA's risk framework and its approach to strategic planning.Legal Department
(j) The Legal Department provides advice and legal opinions on matters affecting theDFSA . This includes advising the operational divisions on the supervision and enforcement of the Laws and Rules administered by theDFSA and on the application of legislation and associated jurisdiction issues. It is also responsible for drafting and maintaining the DIFC Laws and Rules administered by theDFSA and for consulting with the Dubai Government and the DIFC Authority onDIFC , Dubai and Federal legislation.(k) The Department also provides litigation management and advice for theDFSA on matters which are, or could be, before the DIFC Courts or theFinancial Markets Tribunal .(l) The General Counsel is responsible for managing and supervising the Legal Department, advising theDFSA Board and its committees, investigating complaints against the DFSA and overseeing theDFSA's ethics programme.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 28th January 2016). February 2016 Edition
RPP 2 RPP 2 Authorisation — Becoming Regulated
RPP 2-1 RPP 2-1 DFSA's Approach to Authorisation
Introduction
RPP 2-1-1
This chapter outlines the
DFSA's approach to assessing an applicant or registrant to become:(a) anAuthorised Person , that is, anAuthorised Market Institution or anAuthorised Firm (anAuthorised Firm includes aRepresentative Office );(b) anAuthorised Individual ;(c) aPrincipal Representative ;(d) aKey Individual ;(e) aDNFBP ;(f) aRegistered Auditor ; or(g) anAudit Principal .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 2-1-2
Prior to submitting an application to the
DFSA , the relevant applicant should contact theDFSA Enquiries Team on +971 (0)4 362 1500 or using the General Enquiries form on our website. In preparing an application, this chapter should be read in conjunction with the forms and notes in the AFN Sourcebook, and relevant Laws andRules .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
RPP 2-1-3
In assessing whether a relevant applicant is and remains fit and proper, the
DFSA may also consider the degree to which an applicant is , willing and able to conduct the relevant activities in accordance with the Laws and Rules and other legislation applicable in theDIFC .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 2-1-4
An applicant must not provide information to the
DFSA which is false, misleading or deceptive, or conceal information where the concealment of such information is likely to mislead or deceive theDFSA (see Article 66 of theRegulatory Law ).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 2-1-5
If an applicant becomes aware of a material change in circumstances that is reasonably likely to be relevant to an application which is under consideration by the
DFSA , then it must inform theDFSA of the change, in writing, without delay (see Article 46 of theRegulatory Law ).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 2-2 RPP 2-2 Assessing the Fitness and Propriety of Authorised Persons
Introduction
RPP 2-2-1
This section sets out matters which the
DFSA takes into consideration when assessing the fitness and propriety of anAuthorised Person (including applicants). There are some matters in this section which apply to allAuthorised Persons and some which are specific to either anAuthorised Firm or anAuthorised Market Institution , so this chapter should be read in conjunction with those requirements relating toAuthorised Firms (see chapter 7 of the GEN module) andAuthorised Market Institutions (see chapters 2 and 9 of the AMI module).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
RPP 2-2-2
The
DFSA may have regard to all relevant matters, whether arising in theDIFC or elsewhere. TheDFSA may determine the materiality of any information for the purposes of considering whether anAuthorised Person has demonstrated, or continues to demonstrate, that it is fit and proper.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 2-2-3
The
DFSA may request or require any information which it considers relevant to its consideration of an application by anAuthorised Person .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 2-2-4
In considering any specific matters, the
DFSA may request reviews by an appropriately skilled third party on any aspect of theAuthorised Person's proposed or actual activities or the environment in which the applicant predominantly operates. TheDFSA will normally agree to the scope of any reviews performed. Such reviews will ordinarily be at the applicant's sole expense.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Background and History
RPP 2-2-5
In respect of the background and history of an
Authorised Person , theDFSA may have regard to any matters including, but not limited to, the following:(a) any matter affecting the propriety of theAuthorised Person's conduct, whether or not such conduct may have resulted in the commission of a criminal offence or the contravention of the law or the institution of legal or disciplinary proceedings of whatever nature;(b) whether anAuthorised Person has ever been the subject of disciplinary procedures by a government body or agency or any self-regulatory organisation or other professional body;(c) a contravention of any provision of financial services legislation or of rules, regulations, statements of principle or codes of practice made under it or made by a recognised self regulatory organisation,Financial Services Regulator or regulated exchange or clearing house;(d) whether anAuthorised Person has been refused, or had a restriction placed on, the right to carry on a trade, business or profession requiring a licence, registration or other permission;(e) an adverse finding or an agreed settlement in a civil action by any court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction resulting in an award against or payment by an Authorised Person in excess of $10,000 or awards that total more than $10,000;(f) whether anAuthorised Person has been censured, disciplined, publicly criticised or the subject of a court order at the instigation of any regulatory authority, or any officially appointed inquiry, or any otherFinancial Services Regulator ; and(g) whether anAuthorised Person has been open and truthful in all its dealings with theDFSA .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 EditionLocations of Offices
RPP 2-2-6
An
Authorised Person should be able to satisfy theDFSA that it is in compliance with chapter 6 of the GEN module. In particular, section 6.5 of GEN requires that if anAuthorised Person is aBody Corporate , or a Partnership, constituted under the laws of theDIFC it should maintain its head office and registered office within the boundaries of theDIFC . The 'head office' of anAuthorised Person is defined as the principal place where it carries on both the day-to-day management and control of its business and also the activities for which it is authorised by theDFSA . AnAuthorised Person operating in theDIFC through a branch must have a place of business in theDIFC that is the principal place where it carries on the activities for which it is authorised by theDFSA and the address in theDIFC to which communications and notices may be sent.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 28th January 2016). February 2016 Edition
Close Links
RPP 2-2-7
GEN section 6.6 concerns
Close Links . TheDFSA should be satisfied that the existence ofClose Links do not prevent the effective supervision of theAuthorised Person by theDFSA .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Legal Status of Authorised Firms
RPP 2-2-8
The
DFSA will only consider an application for authorisation where the legal status of the proposed entity meets the requirements set out in section 7.2 of the GEN module or chapter 5 of the AMI module. In the case of non-DIFC firms other than companies limited by shares, the DFSA will consider whether the legal form is appropriate for the activities proposed.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 EditionRPP 2-2-9
In respect of
Effecting Contracts of Insurance orCarrying Out Contracts of Insurance , anAuthorised Firm has to be aBody Corporate in accordance with GEN Rule 7.2.2(2).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
RPP 2-2-10
In respect of
Accepting Deposits or seeking toAccept Deposits , anAuthorised Firm has to be aBody Corporate orPartnership in accordance with GEN Rule 7.2.2(3).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 2-2-11
In respect of
Acting as the Trustee of a Fund orManaging a Collective Investment Fund , anAuthorised Firm has to be aBody Corporate in accordance with GEN Rule 7.2.2(4).Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionOwnership and Group
RPP 2-2-12
In respect of the ownership and
Group structure of anAuthorised Person , theDFSA may have regard to:(a) theAuthorised Person's position within itsGroup , including any other relationships that may exist between theAuthorised Person's affiliates,Controllers ,Associates or otherPersons that may be considered aClose Link (see paragraph 2-2-13 for considerations relating to Controllers and paragraph 2-2-7 for considerations relating to Close Links);(b) the financial strength of aController and other members of theGroup and its implications for theAuthorised Person ; and(c) whether theGroup has a structure which makes it possible to:(i) exercise effective supervision;(ii) exchange information among regulators who superviseGroup members; and(iii) determine the allocation of responsibility among the relevant regulators;(d) any information provided by other regulators or third parties in relation to theAuthorised Person or any entity within itsGroup ;(e) whether theAuthorised Person or itsGroup is subject to any adverse effect or considerations arising from a country or countries of incorporation , establishment and operations of any member of itsGroup . In considering such matters, theDFSA may also have regard to the type and level of regulatory oversight in the relevant country or countries of theGroup members, the regulatory infrastructure and adherence to internationally held conventions and standards that theDFSA may have adopted in itsRules .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Controllers
RPP 2-2-13
In respect of the
Controllers of anAuthorised Person , the DFSA may, taking into account the nature, scale and complexity of the firm's business and organisation, have regard to:(a) the background, history and principal activities of theAuthorised Person's Controllers , including that of theController's Directors ,Partners or other officers associated with theAuthorised Person , and the degree of influence that they are, or may be, able to exert over theAuthorised Person and/or its activities;(b) where theController will exert significant management influence over theAuthorised Person , the reputation and experience of theController or any individual within theController ;c) the financial strength of aController and its implications for theAuthorised Person's ability to ensure the sound and prudent management of its affairs, in particular where such aController agrees to contribute any funds or other financial support such as a guarantee or a debt subordination agreement in favour of theAuthorised Person ; and(d) whether theAuthorised Person is subject to any adverse effect or considerations arising from the country or countries of incorporation, establishment or operations of aController . In considering such matters, the DFSA may have regard to, among other things, the type and level of regulatory oversight which theController is subject to in the relevant country or countries and the regulatory infrastructure and adherence to internationally held conventions and standards that the DFSA may have adopted in its Rules.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
RPP 2-2-14
Where the DFSA has any concerns relating to the fitness and propriety of an applicant for a licence stemming from a Controller of such a person, the DFSA may consider imposing licence conditions designed to address such concerns. For example, the DFSA may impose, in the case of a start-up, a licence condition that there should be shareholder agreement to resort to an effective shareholder dispute resolution mechanism.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Resources, Systems and Controls
RPP 2-2-15
The
DFSA will have regard to whether theAuthorised Person has sufficient resources, including the appropriate systems and controls (including those set out in chapter 5 of the GEN module and AMI Rules 5.5.4 and 5.5.5), such as:(a) theAuthorised Person's financial resources and whether it complies, or will comply, with any applicable financialRules , and whether theAuthorised Person appears in a position to be able to continue to comply with suchRules ;(b) the extent to which theAuthorised Person is or may be able to secure additional capital in a form acceptable to theDFSA where this appears likely to be necessary at any stage in the future;(c) the availability of sufficient competent human resources to conduct and manage theAuthorised Person's affairs, in addition to the availability of sufficientAuthorised Individuals orKey Individuals , as applicable, to conduct and manage theAuthorised Person's Financial Services ;(d) whether theAuthorised Person has sufficient and appropriate systems and procedures in order to support, monitor and manage its affairs, resources and regulatory obligations in a sound and prudent manner;(e) whether theAuthorised Person has appropriate anti money laundering procedures and systems designed to ensure full compliance with applicable money laundering and counter terrorism legislation, and relevant UN Security Council sanctions and resolutions, including arrangements to ensure that all relevant staff are aware of their obligations;(f) the impact of other members of theAuthorised Person's Group on the adequacy of theAuthorised Person's resources and in particular, though not exclusively, the extent to which theAuthorised Person is or may be subject to consolidated prudential supervision by theDFSA or anotherFinancial Services Regulator ;(g) whether theAuthorised Person is able to provide sufficient evidence about the source of funds available to it, to the satisfaction of theDFSA . This is particularly relevant in the case of a start-up entity; and(h) the matters specified in paragraph 2-2-12(c).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Authorised Firms — Collective suitability of Individuals or Other Persons Connected to the Authorised Firm
RPP 2-2-16
Notwithstanding that individuals performing
Licensed Functions are required to beAuthorised Individuals and that anAuthorised Firm is required to appoint certainAuthorised Individuals to certain functions as stated in chapter 7 of the GEN module, theDFSA will also consider:(a) the collective suitability of all of theAuthorised Firm's staff taken together, and whether there is a sufficient range of individuals with appropriate knowledge, skills and experience to understand, operate and manage theAuthorised Firm's affairs in a sound and prudent manner;(b) the composition of theGoverning Body of theAuthorised Firm . The factors that would be taken into account by theDFSA in this context include, depending on the nature, scale and complexity of the firm's business and its organisational structure, whether:(i) theGoverning Body has a sufficient number of members with relevant knowledge, skills and expertise among them to provide effective leadership, direction and oversight of theAuthorised Firm's business. For this purpose, the members of theGoverning Body should be able to demonstrate that they have, and would continue to maintain, including through training, necessary skills, knowledge and understanding of the firm's business to be able to fulfil their roles;(ii) the individual members of theGoverning Body have the commitment necessary to fulfil their roles, demonstrated, for example, by a sufficient allocation of time to the affairs of the firm and reasonable limits on the number of memberships held by them in otherBoards of Directors or similar positions. In particular, theDFSA will consider whether the membership in otherBoards of Directors or similar positions held by individual members of theGoverning Body has the potential to conflict with the interests of theAuthorised Firm and its customers and stakeholders; and(iii) there is a sufficient number of independent members on theGoverning Body . TheDFSA will consider a member of theGoverning Body to be "Independent" if he is found, on reasonable grounds by theGoverning Body , to be independent in character and judgement and able to make decisions in a manner that is consistent with the best interests of theAuthorised Firm ;(c) the position of theAuthorised Firm in anyGroup to which it belongs;(d) the individual or collective suitability of anyPerson orPersons connected with theAuthorised Firm ;(e) the extent to which theAuthorised Firm has robust human resources policies designed to ensure high standards of conduct and integrity in the conduct of its activities;(f) whether theAuthorised Firm has appointed auditors, actuaries and advisers with sufficient experience and understanding in relation to the nature of theAuthorised Firm's activities; and(g) whether the remuneration structure and strategy adopted by theAuthorised Firm is consistent with the requirements in GEN Rule 5.3.31(1).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Authorised Market Institutions — Other Considerations
RPP 2-2-17
In determining whether an
Authorised Market Institution has satisfied itsLicensing Requirements set out in chapter 5 of the AMI module and chapter 5 of the GEN module, theDFSA will consider:(a) its arrangements, policies and resources for fulfilling its obligations under theLicensing Requirements prescribed in AMI Rule 4.2.1;(b) its arrangements for managing conflicts and potential conflicts between its commercial interest and applicable regulatory requirements in section 5.4 of the AMI module;(c) the extent to which its constitution and organisation provide for effective governance;(d) the arrangements made to ensure that theGoverning Body has effective oversight of itsRegulatory Functions ;(e) the fitness and propriety of itsKey Individuals and the access theKey Individuals have to theGoverning Body ;(f) the size and composition of theGoverning Body including:(i) the number of independent members on theGoverning Body ;(ii) the number of members of theGoverning Body who representMembers of theAuthorised Market Institution or other persons and the types of persons whom they represent; and(iii) the number and responsibilities of any members of theGoverning Body with executive roles within theAuthorised Market Institution .(g) the structure and organisation of itsGoverning Body , including any distribution of responsibilities among its members and committees;(h) the integrity, relevant knowledge, skills and expertise of the members of theGoverning Body to provide effective leadership, direction and oversight of theAuthorised Market Institution's business. For this purpose, such individuals should be able to demonstrate that they have, and would continue to maintain, including through training, necessary skills, knowledge and understanding of theAuthorised Market Institution's business to be able to fulfil their roles;(i) the commitment necessary by the members of theGoverning Body to fulfil their roles effectively, demonstrated, for example, by a sufficient allocation of time to the affairs of theAuthorised Market Institution and reasonable limits on the number of memberships held by them in otherBoards of Directors or similar positions. In particular, theDFSA will consider whether the membership in otherBoards of Directors or similar positions held by individual members of theGoverning Body has the potential to conflict with the interests of theAuthorised Market Institution and its stakeholders;(j) the integrity, qualifications and competence of itsKey Individuals ;(k) its arrangements for ensuring that it employs individuals who are honest and demonstrate integrity;(l) the independence of its regulatory and listings departments from its commercial departments; and(m) whether the remuneration structure and strategy adopted by theAuthorised Market Institution is consistent with the requirements in GEN Rule 5.3.31(1).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
RPP 2-2-18
The
DFSA will consider aDirector to be "independent" if theDirector is found, on the reasonable determination by theGoverning Body , to:(a) be independent in character and judgement; and(b) have no relationships or circumstances which are likely to affect or could appear to affect theDirector's judgement in a manner other than in the best interests of theAuthorised Market Institution .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
RPP 2-2-19
In forming a determination the
Governing Body should consider the length of time theDirector has served as a member of theGoverning Body and whether the relevantDirector :(a) has been an employee of theAuthorised Market Institution or group within the last five years;(b) has or has had, within the last three years, a material business relationship with theAuthorised Market Institution , either directly or as aPartner , shareholder,Director or senior employee of a body that has such a relationship with theAuthorised Market Institution ;(c) receives or has received, in the last three years, additional remuneration or payments from theAuthorised Market Institution apart from aDirector's fee, participates in theAuthorised Market Institution's share option, or a performance-related pay scheme, or is a member of theAuthorised Market Institution's pension scheme;(d) is or has been aDirector ,Partner orEmployee of a firm which is theAuthorised Market Institution's auditor;(e) has close family ties with any of theAuthorised Market Institution's advisors,Directors or senior employees;(f) holds cross directorships or has significant links with otherDirectors through involvement in other bodies; or(g) represents a significant shareholder.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
RPP 2-3 RPP 2-3 Assessing the Fitness and Propriety of Authorised Individuals, Principal Representatives and Key Individuals
Introduction
RPP 2-3-1
This section sets out the matters which the
DFSA takes into consideration when assessing the fitness and propriety of:(a) in the case of anAuthorised Firm , anAuthorised Individual orPrincipal Representative under section 7.6 of the GEN module and section 4.2 of the REP module, respectively; and(b) in the case of anAuthorised Market Institution , aKey Individual under section 3.3 and chapter 5 of the AMI module.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-3-2
In order to assess the fitness and propriety of a proposed
Authorised Individual orPrincipal Representative , theDFSA may request an interview with the proposed individual.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 2-3-3
In respect of
Authorised Individuals , Article 53(2) of theRegulatory Law provides that applications forAuthorised Individual status in respect ofLicensed Function roles must be made by both the individual seeking to be authorised and theAuthorised Firm for which that individual is to perform services. Under Article 56 of theRegulatory Law , theDFSA may reject an application forAuthorised Individual status or extension to such status or grantAuthorised Individual status or extension to such status with or without conditions and restrictions.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 2-3-4
AMI Rule 3.3.1(1) requires applications for
Key Individual to be made by both the individual seeking to be authorised and theAuthorised Market Institution for which that individual is to perform aKey Individual function. In assessing whether an individual meets the fitness and propriety criteria to be able to perform the role of aKey Individual , theDFSA takes into account the considerations noted in paragraphs 2-3-5 to 2-3-7 below.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 EditionIntegrity
RPP 2-3-5
In determining whether an individual has satisfied the
DFSA as to his integrity, theDFSA may have regard to matters including, but not limited to, the following:(a) the propriety of an individual's conduct whether or not such conduct may have resulted in the commission of a criminal offence, the contravention of a law or the institution of legal or disciplinary proceedings of whatever nature;(b) a conviction or finding of guilt in respect of any offence, other than a minor road traffic offence, by any court of competent jurisdiction;(c) whether the individual has ever been the subject of disciplinary proceedings by a government body or agency or any recognised self-regulatory organisation or other professional body;(d) a contravention of any provision of financial services legislation or of rules, regulations, statements of principle or codes of practice made under or by a recognised self-regulatory organisation,Authorised Market Institution , regulated exchange or regulated clearing house orFinancial Services Regulator ;(e) a refusal or restriction of the right to carry on a trade, business or profession requiring a licence, registration or other authority;(f) a dismissal or a request to resign from any office or employment;(g) whether an individual has been or is currently the subject of or has been concerned with the management of aBody Corporate which has been or is currently the subject of an investigation into an allegation of misconduct or malpractice;(h) an adverse finding in a civil proceeding by any court of competent jurisdiction of fraud, misfeasance or other misconduct, whether in connection with the formation or management of a corporation or otherwise;(i) an adverse finding or an agreed settlement in a civil action by any court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction resulting in an award against the individual in excess of $10,000 or awards that total more than $10,000;(j) an order of disqualification as a director or to act in the management or conduct of the affairs of a corporation by a court of competent jurisdiction or regulator;(k) whether the individual has been a director, or concerned in the management of, a body corporate which has gone into liquidation or administration whilst that person was connected with that body corporate or within one year of such a connection;(l) whether the individual has been a partner or concerned in the management of a partnership where one or more partners have been made bankrupt whilst that person was connected with that partnership or within a year of such a connection;(m) whether the individual has been the subject of a complaint in connection with a financial service, which relates to his integrity, competence or financial soundness;(n) whether the individual has been censured, disciplined, publicly criticised by, or has been the subject of a court order at the instigation of, theDFSA , or any officially appointed inquiry, orFinancial Services Regulator ; and(o) whether the individual has been candid and truthful in all his dealings with theDFSA .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 EditionCompetence and Capability
RPP 2-3-6
In determining the competence and capability of an individual to perform the role of an
Authorised Individual ,Principal Representative orKey Individual , theDFSA may have regard to any factors, whether in theU.A.E. or elsewhere including, whether an individual is capable of performing functions which he has to perform within theAuthorised Firm orAuthorised Market Institution which employs or intends to employ him. A relevant factor may also include evidence of appropriate qualifications, including for example, the bespoke examination offered by the Chartered Institute for Securities and Investment in respect of DIFC Laws and Rules.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionFinancial Soundness
RPP 2-3-7
In determining the financial soundness of an individual, the
DFSA may have regard to any factors including, but not limited to, the following:(a) whether an individual is able to meet his debts as they fall due; and(b) whether an individual has been adjudged bankrupt, had a receiver or an administrator appointed, had a bankruptcy petition served on him, had his estate sequestrated, entered into a deed of arrangement (or any contract in relation to a failure to pay due debts) in favour of his creditors or, within the last 10 years, has failed to satisfy a judgement debt under a court order, whether in theU.A.E. or elsewhere.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 2-4 RPP 2-4 Waivers During Authorisation
RPP 2-4-1
An applicant for authorisation may request a waiver or modification whilst its application for authorisation is being processed. In some circumstances, the applicant may need to work with the
DFSA in developing the waiver and may not be required to use the formal application process. However, the written consent to the waiver by theAuthorised Person will then be required once the applicant is authorised.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-4-2
For further details on the
DFSA's approach to waivers and modifications please see Chapter 9 of this Sourcebook.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-5 RPP 2-5 Start-Up Entities in the DIFC
[Deleted]
RPP 2-5-1 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionWhat are "Start up Entities"?
RPP 2-5-1
Start up entities are, either:
(a) new financial services businesses; or(b) existing financial services businesses which have never been subject to financial services regulation, for whatever reason.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-5-2
This section is designed to serve as a guide to assist start up entities that are interested in applying for authorisation by the
DFSA to conductFinancial Services in or from theDIFC . This section sets out the information required to support an application and indicates the criteria that theDFSA may apply in the authorisation process. Start ups, as with any other applicants, will be required to satisfy all relevant aspects of theDFSA's rules and authorisation process prior to being granted a licence.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionEntities seeking authorisation as Banks
RPP 2-5-3
An entity seeking authorisation to be a Bank, and to carry on its activities in or from the DIFC, will be either:
(a) a branch of an existing bank; or(b) a subsidiary of an existing bank (wholly or partially owned); or(c) a start-up entityDerived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 Edition
RPP 2-5-4
Where the applicant falls into categories (a) and (b) above, the
DFSA will pay particular attention to the soundness of the existing bank of which the proposedDIFC entity is a part. It is our expectation that the existing bank will be a source of strength1 for theDIFC entity. TheDFSA will also pay particular attention to the supervisory relationships it has, or will need to establish, with the supervisor(s) of the existing bank, whichever jurisdiction(s) that is based in. Being able to exchange supervisory information with other relevant supervisors is a cornerstone of the DFSA's regulatory approach.
1 The 'source of strength' doctrine is a well-established and understood concept in banking regulation. It is an expectation that the parent company of a regulated bank will be a source of financial strength and support to that regulated bank should it experience distress
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 Edition
RPP 2-5-5
Where the applicant falls into category (c) above, and so is a start-up entity, the
DFSA will, clearly, not be able to place reliance on existing banking entities or the strength of a larger group. The credibility and financial soundness of the proposed shareholders of the start-upBank will, therefore, be a key consideration for theDFSA , as it is these proposed shareholders that theDFSA would need to look to, to provide support to theBank , should it encounter difficulties.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 Edition
RPP 2-5-6
The
DFSA will have a greater degree of comfort with proposed shareholders who are themselves regulated financial institutions or who have a track record of investing in financial institutions and of providing support to those institutions, if and when such support has been needed. Similarly, if proposed shareholders demonstrably have the financial means to provide further support to the start-upBank , then this will allow theDFSA to take greater comfort.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 Edition
RPP 2-5-7
Applicants who wish to establish a start-up
Bank in theDIFC should consider carefully the implications of the absence of a central bank in theDIFC . For example, theDFSA would expect applicants to address how this fact would affect their:(a) business plan, including any impact on current or prospective credit ratings;(b) adequacy of capital and capital management plan;(c) plans for liquidity management; and(d) ability to deal with stressed situations, including a resolution plan.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 Edition
RPP 2-5-8
In formulating this policy the
DFSA recognises that it is not practical to provide information on the application of the policy to every possible scenario. Therefore, interested parties are invited to contact theDFSA if they have questions about the application of the policy to their particular circumstances.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 Edition
The DFSA's Risk-Based Approach to Start Up Entities: Broad Risk Categories
RPP 2-5-9
Any consideration of an application for authorisation received by the
DFSA is likely to involve an assessment of the risks posed to the objectives of theDFSA by the proposed activities of the applicant. Whilst the broad categories of risks for all applicants will be the same, the nature of those risks within start up entities will be unique, as start ups do not have a regulatory track record upon which theDFSA may place reliance. In the case of a new business, even where senior management has substantial experience and relevant competence in the business sector, this does not necessarily imply an ability to create and sustain an adequate management control environment and compliance culture, particularly when faced with all the other issues of establishing a new business.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 2-5-10
In the case of an existing, but previously unregulated business, any existing control environment and compliance culture may not have been subject to external independent regulatory scrutiny and the additional regulatory reporting requirements which apply to an authorised firm.
Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 2-5-11
The broad categories of risk and some of the unique elements of those risk categories that apply to start up entities include financial risk, governance risk, business/operational risk and compliance risk.
Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 2-5-12
The
DFSA will consider each application for a start-up separately and determine accordingly if further tailored regulatory requirements, in addition to the DFSA's existing requirements, may be necessary. Tailored requirements could include — but not be limited to — capital, liquidity, credit or investment limits.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 Edition
Financial Risk
RPP 2-5-13
All applicants are required to demonstrate a sound initial capital base and funding and to meet the relevant prudential requirements of the
DFSA rulebook, on an ongoing basis. This may include holding sufficient capital to cover expenses on a zero revenue basis. Inevitably, start up entities face greater financial risks as they seek to establish and grow a new business.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 2-5-14
In addition to the risks associated with the financial viability of the start up entity, particular attention may be given to the clarity and the verifiable source of the initial capital funding. Start up entities may be required to disclose the source of their funds and the history of those funds for at least the previous 12 months.
Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionGovernance Risk
RPP 2-5-15
All applicants are required to demonstrate robust governance arrangements together with the fitness and integrity of all controllers, directors and senior management. The
DFSA is aware that management control, in smaller start ups especially, may lie with one or two dominant individuals who may also be amongst the owners of the firm. In such circumstances, theDFSA would expect the key business and control functions (i.e. risk management, compliance and internal audit) to be subject to appropriate oversight arrangements which reflect the size and complexity of the business. Applicants can assist theDFSA by describing in detail the ownership structure, high level controls and clear reporting lines which demonstrate an adequate segregation of duties.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 2-5-16
The
DFSA may request details of the background, history and ownership of the start up entity and, where applicable, itsGroup . Similar details relating to the background, history and other interests of the directors of the start up entity may also be required. Where it considers it necessary to do so, theDFSA may undertake independent background checks on such material. A higher degree of due diligence will apply to individuals involved in start up entities and there would be an expectation that the entity itself will have conducted detailed background checks, which may then be verified by theDFSA .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionBusiness/Operational Risk
RPP 2-5-17
All applicants are required to establish appropriate systems and controls to demonstrate that the affairs of the firm are managed and controlled effectively. The nature of the systems and controls may depend on the nature, size and complexity of the business. Start up entities may wish to consider which additional systems and controls may be appropriate in the initial period of operation following launch, such as increased risk or compliance monitoring. Due to the unproven track record of start up entities, the
DFSA may, for example, impose restrictions on the business activities of the entity or a greater degree and intensity of supervision until such a track record is established.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionCompliance Risk
RPP 2-5-18
The
Senior Executive Officer within allAuthorised Firms is expected to take full responsibility for ensuring compliance with theDFSA rules by establishing a strong compliance culture which is fully embedded within the organisation. A start up entity will be required to appoint aUAE residentCompliance Officer andMoney Laundering Reporting Officer (MLRO) with the requisite skills and relevant experience in compliance and anti-money laundering duties. The individuals fulfilling these roles within start up entities may be expected to demonstrate to theDFSA their competence to perform the proposed role and adequate knowledge of the relevant sections of theDFSA rulebook and, in the case of theMLRO , the wider anti-money laundering legislation and related provisions.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionMain Information Requirements
RPP 2-5-19
The main information requirements are the same for all applicants, including start ups, and each application will be assessed on its own merits. It may help if start up applicants consider the risk categories set out above and how they will address the particular risks raised by their start up proposition.
Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 2-5-20
A key document will be the regulatory business plan submitted in support of the application. It will facilitate the application process if applicants cover the following areas within this submission:
(a) An introduction and background;(b) Strategy and rationale for establishing in theDIFC ;(c) Organisational structure;(d) Management structure;(e) Proposed resources;(f) High level controls;(g) Risk management;(h) Operational controls;(i) Systems overview; and(j) Financial projections.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 2-5-21
Start up applicants may find it useful to include diagrams illustrating corporate structures, and, where applicable, group relationships, governance arrangements, organisational design, clear reporting lines, business process flows and systems environments.
Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 2-5-22
Comprehensively addressing these areas and detailing how the key risks will be identified, monitored and controlled may significantly assist the
DFSA in determining applications from start up entities.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 2-6 RPP 2-6 Application for a Retail Endorsement
RPP 2-6-1
GEN 2.2.8 provides that an applicant intending to carry on a
Financial Service with aRetail Client requires an endorsement on itsLicence . GEN Rule 7.3.1 sets out the requirements that must be met for the grant of such an endorsement.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-6-2
When assessing an application for a Retail Endorsement, the
DFSA may consider, among other things, the following:(a) the adequacy of an applicant's systems and controls for carrying onFinancial Services with aRetail Client ;(b) whether the applicant is able to demonstrate that its systems and controls (including policies and procedures) adequately provide for, among other things, compliance with the requirements specifically dealing withRetail Clients in the COB module, in particular:(i) marketing materials intended forRetail Clients ;(ii) the content requirements forClient Agreements forRetail Clients ;(iii) the suitability assessment for recommending a financial product for aRetail Client ;(iv) the disclosure of fees and commissions, and any inducements, to aRetail Client ; and(v) the segregation ofClient Money and/orClient Investments , where relevant;(c) whether the applicant has adequate systems and controls to ensure, on an ongoing basis, that itsEmployees remain competent and capable to perform the functions which are assigned to them, including any additional factors that may be relevant if their functions involve interfacing withRetail Clients ; and(d) the adequacy of the applicant'sComplaints handling policies and procedures. An applicant's policies and procedures must provide for fair, consistent and prompt handling of complaints. In addition to the matters set out in Chapter 9 of the GEN module, the policies and procedures should explicitly deal with how the applicant ensures that:(i)Employees dealing withComplaints have adequate training and competencies to handleComplaints , as well as impartiality and sufficient authority (see GEN Rules 5.3.19, 9.2.7 and 9.2.8);(ii) aRetail Client is made aware of the firm's Complaints handling policies and procedures before obtaining its services (see COB Rule A2.1.2(1)(h)); and(iii) the applicant'sComplaints handling policies and procedures are freely available to anyRetail Client upon request (see GEN Rule 9.2.11).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-7 RPP 2-7 Application for an Islamic Endorsement
RPP 2-7-1
Under Article 9 of the Law Regulating Islamic Financial Business 2004, in order to conduct
Islamic Financial Business , anAuthorised Person must have an endorsedLicence authorising it to conduct business either as anIslamic Financial Institution or as anIslamic Window . ConductingIslamic Financial Business means carrying on one or moreFinancial Services in accordance withShari'a .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 2-7-2
An
Authorised Person who is granted an endorsement to operate anIslamic Window may conduct some of itsFinancial Service activities in a conventional manner while conducting itsIslamic Financial Business through theIslamic Window .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 2-7-3
The
DFSA may grant an Islamic Endorsement only if it is satisfied that the applicant has demonstrated that it has the systems and controls in place to undertakeIslamic Financial Business . In deliberating over the granting of an Islamic Endorsement, theDFSA may consider, among other things, those matters set out in theIFR Module of theDFSA's Rulebook.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-8 RPP 2-8 Application for an Endorsement to Operate a Multilateral Trading Facility or Act as a Trade Repository
RPP 2-8-1
An applicant seeking to obtain an endorsement on its Licence to operate a
Multilateral Trading Facility or to act as aTrade Repository will need to comply with the applicable requirements, including those set out in the GEN and AMI modules.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-8-2
An applicant seeking to obtain an endorsement on its
Licence to operate aMultilateral Trading Facility has to be anAuthorised Market Institution which isLicensed toOperate an Exchange , or an applicant for such aLicence (see AMI Rule 2.3.1). In order to obtain such an endorsement, an applicant needs to demonstrate to theDFSA that it can meet the requirements in AMI Rule 4.2.1(3). Under that Rule, all theLicensing Requirements applicable with respect to operating anExchange apply with respect to the operation of aMultilateral Trading Facility as if such a facility is anExchange .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-8-3
An applicant seeking to obtain an endorsement on its
Licence to act as aTrade Repository must be anAuthorised Firm or anAuthorised Market Institution , or an applicant for such aLicence (see GEN Rule 2.2.13(1)). Such an applicant needs to demonstrate to theDFSA its ability to meet the requirements set out in App 5 of the GEN module (see GEN Rule 7.3.2 and AMI Rule 2.3.2).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-9 RPP 2-9 Application to be a Representative Office
RPP 2-9-1
An applicant seeking to become a
Representative Office will need to comply with requirements including those set out in the REP module and take note of any applicable matters set out in section 2.2 of the RPP.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-9-2
In assessing an application for a
Representative Office , theDFSA is likely to assess matters including whether:(a) the proposed activities to be undertaken by the applicant are consistent with theFinancial Service activity of Operating aRepresentative Office as described in section 2.26 of the GEN module; and(b) the applicant is incorporated and regulated by aFinancial Services Regulator in a jurisdiction other than theDIFC .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-9-3
Further general information in relation to the
DFSA's Representative Office regime can be found in a Question and Answer document at:http://www.dfsa.ae/Pages/DFSALibrary/DFSAPublications/Publications.aspx
Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-10 RPP 2-10 Registering as a DNFBP
RPP 2-10-1
Chapter 15 of the AML module sets out the registration requirements for a
DNFBP . ADNFBP must register with theDFSA by way of a notification by completing and submitting the DNFBP1 form in the AFN module of theDFSA Sourcebook.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-10-2
At the time of registration the
DFSA expects aDNFBP to be in full compliance with its obligations set out in theAML module of theDFSA Rulebook.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-9-3 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 EditionRPP 2-9-4 [Deleted]
[Deleted] Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 EditionRPP 2-9-5 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 EditionRPP 2-11 RPP 2-11 Application to be a Registered Auditor
RPP 2-11-1
An applicant seeking to become a
Registered Auditor will need to comply with requirements including those set out in the AUD module and Part 8 of theRegulatory Law .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-11-2
A
Person is not permitted to provide audit services to anAuthorised Firm or anAuthorised Market Institution which is aDomestic Firm , aPublic Listed Company or aDomestic Fund , unless thatPerson is aRegistered Auditor . A Person intending to provide audit services to anAuthorised Firm or anAuthorised Market Institution (which is aDomestic Firm ), aPublic Listed Company or aDomestic Fund , must apply to theDFSA for registration in accordance with the AUD module.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-11-3
An applicant for registration as a
Registered Auditor should be able to demonstrate to theDFSA's satisfaction that it:(a) is fit and proper;(b) has professional indemnity insurance as required in section 4.3 of the AUD module;(c) has adequate systems, procedures and controls to ensure due compliance with:(i) theInternational Standards on Auditing ;(ii) theInternational Standards on Quality Control ; and(ii) theCode of Ethics for Professional Accountants ;(d) has clear and comprehensive policies and procedures relating to compliance with all applicable legal requirements, including those in theRegulatory Law , AUD,AML and other relevant modules of theRulebook , when providing audit services to aDomestic Firm ,Public Listed Company orDomestic Fund ;(e) has adequate means to implement those policies and procedures and monitor that they are operating effectively and as intended;(f) is controlled by a majority of individuals who holdRecognised Professional Qualifications ; and(g) has identified at least one or more appropriate individuals, who will be appointed by it to undertake the responsibilities of anAudit Principal ; and(h) has complied with any other requirement as specified by theDFSA .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-12 RPP 2-12 Application to be an Audit Principal
RPP 2-12-1
An
Audit Principal is an individual responsible for managing the conduct of audit work undertaken by theRegistered Auditor or signing audit reports, or any other reports as may be required under the Rules, on behalf of theRegistered Auditor .Inserted by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-12-2
A
Registered Auditor is not permitted to allow any individual to undertake any of the responsibilities of anAudit Principal unless that individual is registered by theDFSA as anAudit Principal for thatRegistered Auditor .Inserted by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-12-3
An individual applying for registration as an
Audit Principal should be able to demonstrate to theDFSA's satisfaction that he:(a) holds aRecognised Professional Qualification ;(b) is a member of good standing of aRecognised Professional Body ;(c) has at least five years of relevant post qualification audit experience in the past seven years, including at least one year of experience in a managerial role supervising and finalising audits; and(d) is fit and proper to conduct audit work.Inserted by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-12 RPP 2-12 [Deleted]
RPP 2-12-1 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-12-2 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 2-12-3 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3 RPP 3 Supervision — Being Regulated
RPP 3-1 RPP 3-1 DFSA's Approach to Supervision
Introduction
RPP 3-1-1
Chapter 3 focuses on the
DFSA's risk-based approach to supervision and the ongoing relationship between theDFSA and anAuthorised Person ,DNFBP orRegistered Auditor (collectively referred to as firms in this Chapter unless otherwise stated).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 3-1-2
Section 3-1 outlines the
DFSA's general approach to risk based supervision; the remaining sections (3-2 to 3-6) provide additional information in relation to theDFSA's approach to the supervision of particular types of firms.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-3
The appropriate use of the
DFSA's supervisory powers plays an important part in ensuring that theDFSA achieves its statutory objectives and has regard to its guiding principles which are set out in chapter 1.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Supervision Philosophy
RPP 3-1-4
The
DFSA has adopted a risk-based approach to the regulation and supervision of all regulated firms in order to concentrate its resources on the mitigation of risks to its objectives. TheDFSA will work with a regulated entity to identify, assess, mitigate and control these risks where appropriate.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-5
The
DFSA's supervisory risk-based approach involves:(a) the DFSA's continuous risk management cycle, which utilises macro-prudential data, risk assessments and a risk matrix to form risk-based classifications of firms, as set out in paragraphs 3-1-8 to 3-1-24;(b) where applicable, developing a strong relationship with a firm and its senior management, as set out in paragraphs 3-1-25 to 3-1-31;(d) using appropriate supervisory tools; andwhere applicable, considering any lead or consolidated supervision which a firm or its Group may be subject to in other jurisdictions, taking into account the DFSA's relationship with other regulators, set out in paragraphs 3-1-34 and 3-1-35;
Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-6
The
DFSA's risk-based approach to the supervision of a firm may vary depending upon the size, scale, nature and circumstances of each individual firm and the specific risks it poses to theDFSA's objectives.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-1-7
The
DFSA is concerned with a firm's behaviour that affects both its overall financial condition and its interaction with individual customers and market counterparties. We do not aim to prevent all failures. A 'zero failure' regime would place an excessive regulatory burden on firms. Instead, we aim to reduce the probability of excessive risk taking or inappropriate conduct through increased intensity of supervision where it is both appropriate and likely to be effective.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRisk management cycle
RPP 3-1-8
The
DFSA has adopted a continuous risk management cycle. This comprises the identification, assessment, prioritisation, monitoring and mitigation of risks.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-9
Our risk management cycle starts with a macro-prudential view of the
DIFC as a whole. We produce a comprehensive set of quarterly data which highlight demographics of all types of regulated entities. This data set provides an overview of the risk profile of regulated entities, including the aggregate financial position.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-10
Based on the analysis of this data set, we might increase assessment activity with respect to certain entities, or use thematic reviews to target certain products, services or practices across a set of firms.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-11
Our Board of Directors use these data, amongst other factors, to set organisational risk tolerances which are used to prioritise risks.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRisk Matrix — Impact and Probability Ratings
RPP 3-1-12
The impact rating is an assessment of the potential adverse consequences that could follow from the failure of, or significant misconduct by, a firm. The potential adverse consequences include not only the direct financial impact on such firm's customers and stakeholders, but also the potential for damage to the reputation and objectives of the
DFSA .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-13
We do not have a single proxy for the impact rating. We consider a variety of factors such as:
(a) the amount of firm revenue generated by activity in or from the Centre;(b) the number of employees in theDIFC ;(c) the potential scale of damage to the firm's customers based on the firm's level of activity in or from theDIFC ;(d) whether the firm holds deposits or any other form of client money;(e) the potential for an individual firm or entity's failure or misconduct to directly damage other firms or entities; and(f) the potential damage of failure or significant misconduct on the reputation and objectives of theDFSA .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-14
The probability rating covers four broad risk groups:
(a) Corporate Governance, Strategy and Business Model Risks;(b) Financial and Operational Risks;(c) Conduct of Business Risks to Clients and Markets; and(d) Anti-Money Laundering, Counter Terrorist Financing and Financial Crime.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-15
Within these risk groups are risk elements which the
DFSA may review, according to the type of firm, to identify risks that could inhibit the achievement of our objectives.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-16
A risk matrix is then used to identify, assess and further prioritise risks using these impact and probability ratings, resulting in a risk based classification of a firm.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRisk-based classification of firms
RPP 3-1-17
Risk assessments allow the
DFSA to allocate its resources in such a way that its supervisory tools are targeted towards those firms and activities which pose a higher risk to theDFSA's objectives.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-18
The
DFSA has in place intra-departmental challenges and measures to check that our supervisory activities are proportionate to a firm's risk-based classification.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-19
We will generally only allocate a Relationship Manager to a firm with a higher level of resultant risk from the combined assessment of impact and probability risk ratings. This means that a significant number of firms will not have a dedicated Relationship Manager, but will be supervised by a team — the Thematic Supervision Team (TST).
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-20
Firms supervised by the TST will be subject to onsite and thematic surveillance reviews, however, the review cycle will differ from those firms supervised by dedicated relationship managers. In addition to risk assessments, the TST will use high-level management meetings and self-certifications as considered necessary.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-21
Thematic reviews will cover a sample of all relevant firms. Such reviews may be conducted at any time.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-22
Whilst the
DFSA may discuss certain information with a firm, in particular the specific risks that lead it to assign an overall risk classification to the firm and any necessary remedial actions, it will not usually disclose the final risk classification.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRisk mitigation
RPP 3-1-23
Whenever appropriate, the
DFSA may inform the firm of the steps it needs to take in relation to specific risks. TheDFSA then expects the firm to demonstrate that it has taken appropriate steps to mitigate the risks it poses to theDFSA's objectives.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-24
Where necessary, risk mitigation programmes may be developed with a firm in order to mitigate or remove identified areas of risk.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionDFSA's Relationship with Firms
RPP 3-1-25
In order to meet its objectives, the
DFSA requires an open, transparent and co-operative relationship between itself and each firm. TheDFSA expects to establish and maintain an on-going dialogue with the firm's senior management in order to develop and sustain a thorough understanding of the firm's business, systems and controls and, through this relationship, to be aware of all areas of risk to theDFSA's objectives.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-26
The DFSA seeks to maintain an up-to-date knowledge of a firm's business. However, a firm is also required to keep the DFSA informed of significant events, or anything related to the firm of which the DFSA would reasonably expect to be notified, including as set out in paragraphs 3-1-32 and 3-1-33.
Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-27
The nature and intensity of the
DFSA's relationship with a firm will depend first on the extent of risk a firm poses, but after that will also depend on a number of factors. TheDFSA's level of supervision will be proportionate to the risks which the firm poses to theDFSA's objectives and will emphasise the responsibilities of the firm's senior management in identifying, assessing, mitigating and controlling its risks. The greater the impact and probability of the firm's perceived risks, the more intensive the supervisory relationship may be.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-28
For those Firms who have a dedicated Relationship Manager, their Relationship Managers will be the Firms' main point of contact with the
DFSA . This includes any notifications, changes or queries.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-29
For those Firms without a dedicated Relationship Manager, who will be supervised by the TST, a "Supervised Firm Contact Form" (Contact Form), is available only to Firms on the DFSA website and provides a mechanism to securely and efficiently communicate with us.
http://www.dfsa.ae/Pages/ContactUs/SupervisedFirmContactForm.aspx
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-30
This Contact Form can be used for any questions or queries you have of us and for the lodgement of any required forms (except EPRS returns). The Contact Form also allows for the attachment of any related supporting documents. Once received, all enquiries will be acknowledged and an appropriate
DFSA staff member will be allocated to each enquiry. TheDFSA has put in place service standards to ensure that all enquiries are responded to in a timely manner.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-31
In addition, we have also published, on our website, a set of Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs). These FAQs include the most commonly asked questions from our regulated entities ranging from general "Where can I find … ?" queries to more specific supervisory processes or reporting requirement queries. We will update the FAQs on a regular basis and we encourage all regulated entities to visit and revisit this resource frequently.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionNotifications to the DFSA
RPP 3-1-32
Section 11.10 of the GEN module sets out Rules on specified events, changes or circumstances that require notification to the
DFSA by anAuthorised Person (other than aRepresentative Office ). The list of notifications outlined in section 11.10 is not exhaustive and other areas of the Rulebook may also specify additional notification requirements.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-33
An
Authorised Firm andAuthorised Market Institution are required to comply with the high level principles in GEN Rule 4.2.10 and AMI Rule 9.2.1 respectively. These Rules require anAuthorised Person to deal with theDFSA in an open and co-operative manner and keep theDFSA promptly informed of significant events or anything else relating to such person of which theDFSA would reasonably expect to be notified.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionCo-Operation with Other Regulators
RPP 3-1-34
The
DFSA views co-operation with other regulators as an important component of its supervisory activities. Effective co-operation arrangements with other regulators will provide for prompt exchange of information in relation to supervision, investigation and enforcement matters. Usually, co-operation arrangements will be in the form of memoranda of understanding or other arrangements. The information exchange may enhance, for example, theDFSA's understanding of the operations of anAuthorised Firm's Group and the effect on the firm.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-35
The
DFSA may exercise its powers for the purposes of assisting other regulators or agencies (see Article 39 of the Regulatory Law). TheDFSA may also delegate functions and powers to representatives of other regulators or agencies (see Article 40 of the Regulatory Law).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 3-1-12 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 3-1-13 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-14 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-15 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 3-1-16 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-17 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-18 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-19 [Deleted]
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RPP 3-1-20 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-21 [Deleted]
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RPP 3-1-22 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-1-23 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition[Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-22 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-23 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-24 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-25 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-26 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition[Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-27 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-28 [Deleted]
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Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition[Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-30 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-31 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-32 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-33 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-34 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition[Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-35 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-36 [Deleted]
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Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-38 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-39 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-1-40 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-2 RPP 3-2 Supervision of Authorised Firms
Introduction
RPP 3-2-1
Section 3.2 provides additional information in relation to
DFSA's approach to the supervision of anAuthorised Firm . Where relevant, some of these requirements may apply to aRepresentative Office .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-2-2
In supervising an
Authorised Firm , theDFSA expects anAuthorised Firm to comply with a number of high level principles in relation to its activities.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-2-3
An
Authorised Firm , other than aRepresentative Office , must comply with the twelve principles set out in section 4.2 of the GEN module. In brief, these are:(a) Principle 1 — Integrity;(b) Principle 2 — Due skill, care and diligence;(c) Principle 3 — Management, systems and controls;(d) Principle 4 — Resources;(e) Principle 5 — Market Conduct;(f) Principle 6 — Information and Interests;(g) Principle 7 — Conflicts of Interest;(h) Principle 8 — Suitability;(i) Principle 9 — Customer assets and money;(j) Principle 10 — Relations with regulators;(k) Principle 11 — Compliance with high standards of corporate governance; and(l) Principle 12 — Remuneration practices.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 EditionRPP 3-2-4
A
Representative Office must comply with the four principles set out in section 3.2 of the REP module. In brief, these are:(a) Principle 1 — Integrity;(b) Principle 2 — Due skill, care and diligence;(c) Principle 3 — Resources; and(d) Principle 4 — Relations with regulatorsDerived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Group Supervision
RPP 3-2-5
When the
DFSA licenses anAuthorised Firm , it takes into consideration the relationship with any widerGroup to which the firm may belong or with otherPersons closely linked to it. TheDFSA may also take into account lead or consolidated supervision to which anAuthorised Firm or itsGroup may be subject in another jurisdiction.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-2-6
An
Authorised Firm is expected to provide information as required or reasonably requested under legislation applicable in theDIFC relating to theAuthorised Firm and, where applicable, its consolidated or lead regulatory arrangements. This information may include prudential information, reports on systems and controls relating to anAuthorised Firm's Group , internal and external audit reports, details of disciplinary proceedings or any matters which may have financial consequences, reputational impact or pose any significant risk to theDIFC or to theAuthorised Firm and the group-wide corporate governance practices and policies and the remuneration structure and strategies adopted. This information may initially be taken into account as part ofDFSA's fit and proper test as set out in section 2.2 and may subsequently be utilised in the supervision of theAuthorised Firm . FurtherRules andGuidance with regard to obtaining information from anAuthorised Firm's lead regulator are set out in GEN Rule 11.1.5.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 EditionRPP 3-2-7
The
DFSA has an interest in the relationship of anAuthorised Firm with other regulators, particularly in order to determine the level of reliance theDFSA may place on a regulator in another jurisdiction concerning any lead supervision arrangements. Depending on the legal structure of anAuthorised Firm and the relationship of theDFSA with the regulator in question, theDFSA may place appropriate reliance on the supervision undertaken by this regulator.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Domestic Firm's Group With DIFC Head Office
RPP 3-2-8
The
DFSA will usually be the lead and consolidated regulator of anyGroup headed by aDomestic Firm . Members of theGroup , that is any of theAuthorised Firm's Subsidiaries or branches, will be either subject toDFSA's exclusive supervision or, where members of theGroup are located in a jurisdiction outside theDIFC , generally subject to lead or consolidated supervision by theDFSA in co-operation with another regulator.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Subsidiary of a Non-DIFC Firm
RPP 3-2-9
The
DFSA will routinely be the lead regulator for the purpose of prudential supervision of anAuthorised Firm which is aDIFC incorporatedSubsidiary of a non-DIFC firm.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-2-10
Where the
Authorised Firm is aSubsidiary of a regulated non-DIFC parent company, theDFSA may have regard to any consolidated prudential supervision arrangements to which theSubsidiary is subject and will liaise with other regulators as necessary to ensure that these are adequately carried out, taking into account theSubsidiary's activities. TheDFSA may place appropriate reliance on theSubsidiary's consolidated regulator in another jurisdiction if it is satisfied that it meets appropriate regulatory criteria and standards.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-2-11
An
Authorised Firm carrying onFinancial Services as aSubsidiary of an unregulated non-DIFC parent company may be subject to theDFSA's consolidated prudential supervision, taking into account the parent's activities.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionBranch of a Non-DIFC Firm
RPP 3-2-12
An
Authorised Firm carrying onFinancial Services through a branch will be subject to supervision by both theDFSA and the regulator in its head office jurisdiction.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-13
The
DFSA will have regard to any lead or consolidated prudential supervision arrangements to which a branch is subject. TheDFSA may place appropriate reliance on aBranch's lead regulator in another jurisdiction and, where appropriate, its consolidated prudential regulator if it is satisfied that it meets appropriate regulatory criteria and standards. Where anAuthorised Firm is subject to lead regulation arrangements with a foreign regulator, theDFSA will usually not seek to impose consolidated prudential supervision on theAuthorised Firm's Group .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-14
During the authorisation process the
DFSA will take into account the nature and scope of the regulation and supervision to which the applicant is subject in its head office jurisdiction. Notwithstanding that anAuthorised Firm may be subject to lead or consolidated regulatory arrangements, theDFSA requires it to remain fit and proper in respect of itsGroup andControllers . Certain changes or events will require notification to, or prior approval from, theDFSA .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-2-15
The
DFSA will determine the level of regulatory and supervisory oversight which is subsequently required for a specificBranch . As part ofDFSA's risk assessment process, during the authorisation process theDFSA undertakes a two-tier approach to the risks to its objectives posed by theBranch , thereby taking into account the characteristics of the applicant and its head office. The first part of this assessment includes a judgement on the degree of home country supervision and considers the strength of support, both financial and managerial, which the head office is capable of providing to theBranch , taking into account theBranch's activities and the adequacy of, among other things, the corporate governance framework and practices and remuneration structure and strategies adopted at the head office. The second part of the assessment considers the risk and control mechanisms within theBranch itself.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 EditionRPP 3-2-16
As a result of the assessment, the
DFSA may consider granting a waiver or modification notice in respect of specific prudential or other regulatory requirements relating to aBranch .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Periodic Returns for Authorised Firms
RPP 3-2-17
An
Authorised Firm is required to submit periodic returns. In addition, anAuthorised Firm may be required to submit copies of itsGroup's annual interim and audited accounts. TheDFSA may also require anAuthorised Firm to provide copies ofGroup returns which are sent to any other regulator.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-18
Collecting this data in a timely and accurate manner is imperative to our risk management cycle, which is the primary reason we have automatic fees for late financial reports.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionOn-going Risk Analysis
RPP 3-2-19
The
DFSA conducts an ongoing analysis of risks relating to eachAuthorised Firm , although the information required may vary from firm to firm.Authorised Firms with a higher risk classification may be subject to closer regulatory attention and would typically be subject to supervisory reviews specifically designed to address particular causes of risk.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-20
All
Authorised Firms will be subject to an individual on-site risk assessment, except where more than oneAuthorised Firm belongs to the sameGroup , in which case theDFSA may decide to carry out aGroup risk assessment.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-21
The risk assessment process is ongoing. The
DFSA will, on a continuous basis, review notifications and reporting of information, maintain an ongoing dialogue with senior management and make appropriate visits to theAuthorised Firm , so that theDFSA has current information on key risk areas of theAuthorised Firm .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-22
There are also a number of trigger events which may affect the frequency of a risk assessment and the
Authorised Firm's overall risk classification. Examples include:(a) a notification from a non-DIFC regulator or other authority of an issue concerning theAuthorised Firm or itsGroup ;(b) a material change in anAuthorised Firm's business and new business activities;(c) a change in theAuthorised Firm's Controllers ;(d) anAuthorised Firm's development of high risk products or business lines;(e) anAuthorised Firm's development of business areas with characteristics such as unusual profitability;(f) anAuthorised Firm's appointment of new personnel in key business areas;(g) anAuthorised Firm's acquisition of new or revised information systems or new technology;(h) a rapid growth in specific areas of activity of anAuthorised Firm which is not matched by appropriate systems and controls to manage such growth;(i) anAuthorised Firm's corporate restructuring, merger or acquisitions;(j) anAuthorised Firm's expansion or acquisition of non-DIFC operations including the impact of changes in related economic and regulatory environments; or(k) theDFSA's response to industry-wide concerns or themes.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionReview of Risk Management Systems
RPP 3-2-23
Under GEN Rule 5.3.4, an
Authorised Firm must ensure that its risk management systems provide theAuthorised Firm with the means to identify, assess, mitigate and control its risks. In addition to undertaking its own assessment of theAuthorised Firm , theDFSA may review the results of theAuthorised Firm's internal risk assessment and determine the extent to which each of theAuthorised Firm's risks impacts onDFSA's objectives, the likelihood of the risk occurring and then will consider the controls and mitigation programmes the firm has in place.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionDesk Based Reviews
RPP 3-2-24
The
DFSA may undertake desk based reviews in order to review compliance with legislation applicable in theDIFC . They assist theDFSA's understanding of anAuthorised Firm's operations. For example, monitoring its financial position and detecting emerging problems or concerns to be explored in greater detail through prudential meetings, examinations, or otherwise. A desk based review may involve analysing information provided by the firm through periodic returns, internal management information, published financial information or specially requested information.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-24 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionOn-Site Visits
RPP 3-2-25
On-site visits provide the
DFSA with an overview of theAuthorised Firm's operations and enable it to form a first-hand view of the personnel, systems and controls and compliance culture within theAuthorised Firm as well as identifying and evaluating the risks to theDFSA's objectives, taking into account any mitigation by theAuthorised Firm . They enable theDFSA to test the soundness of theAuthorised Firm's systems and controls and the extent to which theDFSA can continue to rely on them and theAuthorised Firm's senior management to prevent or mitigate risks to theDFSA's objectives. On-site visits will also assist theDFSA to assess the extent of supervision and the use of other supervisory tools required to address certain key risk areas.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-2-26
There are various types of on-site visits by the
DFSA to anAuthorised Firm which differ in their objective and frequency:(a) Periodic visits are undertaken at frequencies determined by theDFSA and focus on the main risk areas within an Authorised Firm as well as providing theDFSA with a thorough understanding of theAuthorised Firm , its business and any major changes that have taken place within theAuthorised Firm since a previous visit or risk assessment and their probable effects;(b) Theme visits are designed to address a current or topical risk or issue either within a particular type ofAuthorised Firm or the market place in general. They tend to be short in duration and are focused in their approach. Examples of theme visits are anti-money laundering, client assets and conflict management;(c) Follow-up visits are often required to assess the implementation of any action that may have been agreed as part of a risk mitigation programme or to satisfy theDFSA that theAuthorised Firm has taken appropriate action arising from a previous visit or communication;(d) Special visits are unique to a particularAuthorised Firm and are generally scheduled following a particular event or notification from anAuthorised Firm . They are generally short, focused visits usually targeted to a particular area of anAuthorised Firm . These visits allow theDFSA to review certain high risk areas of anAuthorised Firm's business in isolation. Occasionally, special visits may be unannounced. These assist in keeping firms to the need to maintain a continuously high quality of compliance; and(e) TheDFSA may, from time to time, hold high level meetings with anAuthorised Firm's senior management. Such meetings enable theDFSA to assess issues including any prudential concerns arising from desk based reviews or elsewhere.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Periodic Communications
RPP 3-2-27
The
DFSA is committed to open and transparent communication withAuthorised Firms . From time to time, theDFSA may issue letters toSenior Executive Officers or equivalent persons across theDIFC (commonly referred to as 'Dear SEO Letters'). Frequently, these letters will be issued as a means of communicating findings arising from completed thematic visits. However, they may also be issued in response to other major events or changes. For example, such a letter may include an update from relevant United NationsSecurity Council Sanctions or Resolutions or theFinancial Action Task Force , in relation to the prevention of money laundering and combating the financing of terrorism.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-2-28
In addition to the
Senior Executive Officer letters, theDFSA may issue s and warnings in response to particular matters of concern. An example of this could be in relation to matters concerning fraudulent activity that theDFSA has become aware of.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-2-29
The
DFSA holds outreach sessions from time to time, to interact with firms operating in theDIFC . These sessions are held to discuss regulatory matters in an open manner.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-2-30
From time to time, the
DFSA may consider a particular item of communication to anAuthorised Firm to be of key regulatory importance. For this reason, theDFSA may consider it necessary to issue such communications directly to a senior member of staff at theBoard level of theDIFC entity copied (where appropriate) to the group's home state regulator. For entities established as aBranch in theDIFC , these communications will likely be delivered to the Chairman of theBoard at theDIFC Branch entity's head orParent office. ForDIFC incorporated entities, communications will likely be delivered directly to the Chairman of the firm'sBoard or head office. These communications may include, for example, the results ofDFSA's risk assessment visits where a risk mitigation plan has been sent that contains significant matters of concern toDFSA's objectives.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]External Auditor Reports, Statements and Tripartite Meetings
RPP 3-2-31
The
DFSA requires anAuthorised Firm's registered external auditor to co-operate with theDFSA in a number of ways, including the submission of specific audit reports and statements. As part of an audit, theDFSA would expect an auditor to review any relevant correspondence between theDFSA and theAuthorised Firm . Further, tripartite meetings between theAuthorised Firm's senior management, the auditor, and theDFSA may be requested at theDFSA's initiative. Finally, an auditor is required to disclose to theDFSA those matters outlined in Article 104(3) of theRegulatory Law .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRequiring Information and Documents
RPP 3-2-32
Apart from reports such as regular prudential returns, the
DFSA may from time to time also request from anAuthorised Firm additional supplementary information and documents, including non-financial information such as anAuthorised Firm's internal policies on particular areas of risk and compliance.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRequirements relating to a Change in Control
RPP 3-2-33
Article 64 of the
Regulatory Law and section 11.8 of the GEN Module set out theDFSA's requirements governingControllers ofAuthorised Firms .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 3-2-34 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-2-35 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-2-36 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionDFSA approval
RPP 3-2-34
A
Person who proposes to become aController of aDomestic Firm or an existingController who proposes to increase the level of control which thatPerson has in aDomestic Firm beyond the threshold of 30% or 50% is required to obtain the DFSA's prior approval before doing so. The DFSA's assessment of a proposed acquisition or increase in control of aDomestic Firm is a review of such a firm's continued fitness and propriety and ability to conduct business soundly and prudently. Accordingly, the DFSA takes into account the considerations specified in paragraph 2-2-13 relating toControllers when making such an assessment.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-35
Under GEN Rule 11.8.5(1), a
Person who proposes either to acquire or increase the level of control in aDomestic Firm must lodge with theDFSA an application for approval in the appropriate form in AFN. TheDFSA may approve of, object to or impose conditions relating to the proposed acquisition or the proposed increase in the level of control of theAuthorised Firm . If the information in the application form lodged with theDFSA is incomplete or unclear, theDFSA may in writing request further clarification or information. TheDFSA may do so at any time during the processing of such an application. The period of 90 days within which theDFSA will make a decision will not commence until such clarification or additional information is provided to the satisfaction of theDFSA . TheDFSA may, in its absolute discretion, agree to a shorter period for processing an application where an applicant requests for such a period, provided all the information required is available to theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 3-2-36
Where the DFSA proposes to object to or impose conditions relating to a proposed acquisition of or increase in the level of control in a
Domestic Firm , the DFSA will first notify the applicant in writing of its proposal to do so and its reasons. The DFSA will take into account any representations made by an applicant before making its final decision.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-2-37
The DFSA may consider whether a
Person has become an unacceptableController as a result of any notification given by anAuthorised Firm under Rule 11.8.11(2) or as a result of its own supervisory work. The considerations which theDFSA will take into account in assessing whether aPerson is an acceptableController are those set out in paragraph 3-2-34 above.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionApplication for a Change of Scope of Licence
RPP 3-2-38
Where an
Authorised Firm applies to change the scope of itsLicence , it should provide the following information:(a) a revised business plan as appropriate, describing the basis of, and rationale for, the proposed change;(b) details of the extent to which existing documentation, procedures, systems and controls will be amended to take into account any additional activities, and how theAuthorised Firm will be able to comply with any additional regulatory requirements; and(c) descriptions of theAuthorised Firm's senior management responsibilities (GEN chapter 5) where these have changed from those previously disclosed, including any up-dated staff organisation charts and internal and external reporting lines.(d) details of any transitional arrangements where theAuthorised Firm is reducing its activities and where it has existing customers who may be affected by the cessation of aFinancial Service ;(e) the appropriate financial reporting statement where the variation may result in a change to theAuthorised Firm's prudential category or the application of additional or different financial rules. If a capital increase is required in order to demonstrate compliance with additional financial rules but such capital is not paid up or available at the time of application, proposed or forecast figures may be used;(f) details of the effect of the proposed variation on theAuthorised Individuals including, where applicable, submitting any application forms for individuals to perform additional or newLicensed Functions , or to remove existingLicensed Functions ; and(g) revised pro forma financial statements.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-39
An
Insurer which wishes to vary itsLicence to remove theFinancial Service ofEffecting Contracts of Insurance or to reduce the classes of insurance should refer to the run-off provisions in PIN chapter 9.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-2-40
In considering whether an
Authorised Firm is fit and proper with respect to a change in the scope of itsLicence , theDFSA may take into account those matters in Chapter 2 of the RPP Sourcebook, which providesGuidance on fitness and propriety forAuthorised Firms .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 3-2-41
When considering a change to the scope of a
Licence , theDFSA may also consider one or more of the matters outlined in paragraphs 3-2-51 to 3-2-56 below relating to the withdrawal of aLicence .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionNotification to the DFSA relating to a Major Acquisition
RPP 3-2-42
GEN Rule 11.10.8 provides that an
Authorised Firm which makes or proposes to make aMajor Acquisition as defined must comply with either GEN Rule 11.10.9 or 11.10.10, depending on whether it is aDomestic Firm .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-43
An
Authorised Firm should provide to theDFSA information that would enable theDFSA to consider factors noted in GEN Rule 11.10.9(3). Although theDFSA does not prescribe the form in which such information is to be provided to theDFSA ,Authorised Firms should consider any relevant industry and international practices when providing information to theDFSA for similar purposes.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-44
The 45 day notice period referred to in GEN Rule 11.10.9(1) commences to run from the first business day after the date on which the
DFSA receives the notification. However, if any critical information that theDFSA requires in order to assess the notification has not been provided to theDFSA at the time of the notification, the relevant notice period for considering that notification will only commence to run after the Authorised Firm has provided to theDFSA that information upon a request made by theDFSA under its powers in GEN Rule 11.10.11(1).Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-45
Upon the request of an
Authorised Firm , theDFSA may, at its sole discretion, agree to consider a notification within a shorter period than the 45 days referred to above. The onus is on anAuthorised Firm which wishes to obtain a DFSA decision under this Rule within a shorter period to make a request to that effect to theDFSA and provide all the information that theDFSA requires to enable theDFSA to process the notification within a shorter timeframe.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-46
The
DFSA may exercise its powers under this provision to object to a proposedMajor Acquisition or impose any conditions relating to aMajor Acquisition . In these cases aPerson affected by such a decision may refer the decision to theFinancial Markets Tribunal for review. Provisions on the referral to theFinancial Markets Tribunal are in GEN Rule 11.10.12.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-47
Where the
DFSA receives a notification under GEN Rule 11.10.10(1)(b), it will to the extent necessary, liaise with the home regulator in taking any appropriate action relating to the proposedMajor Acquisition .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionOutsourcing
RPP 3-2-48
An
Authorised Person must comply with those requirements in GEN Rules 5.3.21 and 5.3.22 when outsourcing functions or activities. In relation toFunds , there are additional outsourcing and delegation requirements applicable forFund Managers andTrustees in section 8.12 of the CIR module.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-49
The
DFSA requires anAuthorised Person to notify it of any material outsourcing arrangements. In the case of anAuthorised Market Institution , any material outsourcing arrangements require theDFSA's prior approval under AMI Rule 5.5.3(1). An outsourcing arrangement would be considered to be material if it is a service of such importance that weakness or failure of the service would cast serious doubt on theAuthorised Firm's continuing ability to remain fit and proper or comply with applicable Laws and Rules.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-50
The outsourcing of functions or activities does not absolve management or
Governing Body of responsibility and accountability for ensuring proper administration and execution of these functions or activities.Derived Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionApplication for a Withdrawal of Licence
RPP 3-2-51
In considering requests under GEN Rule 11.4.1, an
Authorised Firm will need to satisfy theDFSA that it has made appropriate arrangements with respect to its existing customers, including the receipt of any customers' consent where required and, in particular:(a) whether there may be a long period in which the business will be run-off or transferred;(b) whether deposits must be returned to customers;(c) whether money and other assets belonging to customers must be returned to them; and(d) whether there is any other matter which theDFSA would reasonably expect to be resolved before granting a request for the withdrawal of aLicence .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-52
In determining a request for the withdrawal of a
Licence , theDFSA may require additional procedures or information as appropriate including evidence that theAuthorised Firm has ceased to carry onFinancial Services .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-53
An
Authorised Firm should submit detailed plans where there may be an extensive period of wind-down. It may not be appropriate for anAuthorised Firm to immediately request a withdrawal of itsLicence in all circumstances, although it may wish to consider reducing the scope of itsLicence during this period.Authorised Firms should discuss these arrangements with theDFSA .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-54
The
DFSA may refuse a request for the withdrawal of aLicence where it appears that customers may be exposed to adverse effect.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-55
The
DFSA may also refuse a request for the withdrawal of aLicence where:(a) theAuthorised Firm has failed to settle its debts to theDFSA ; or(b) it is in the interests of a current or pending investigation by theDFSA , or by another regulatory body orFinancial Services Regulator .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-47
Some other matters which an
Authorised Firm should be mindful of in relation to the withdrawal of itsLicence include:(a) Under Article 63 of theRegulatory Law where theDFSA grants a request for the withdrawal of aLicence , theDFSA may continue to exercise any power under theRegulatory Law orRules in relation to anAuthorised Firm ,Authorised Individual or any other officer, employee or agent of theAuthorised Firm for three years from the date on which theDFSA becomes aware of the act or omission that gives rise to the right to exercise that power;(b) Article 43(4) of theRegulatory Law states thatLicensed Functions of anAuthorised Firm shall be carried out by itsAuthorised Individuals . Accordingly, where anAuthorised Firm's Licence is withdrawn, the authorised status of itsAuthorised Individuals will also be withdrawn from the same date. However, this does not remove the obligation on anAuthorised Firm to provide a statement under GEN Rule 11.7.3 where anAuthorised Individual has been dismissed or requested to resign; and(c) Where aFund Manager or theTrustee makes a request under GEN Rule 11.4.1, theFund Manager or theTrustee will need to satisfy theDFSA that it has made appropriate arrangements in accordance with the requirements under the Collective Investment Law 2010 and the CIR module with respect to the continuing management of theFund for which it is theFund Manager or theTrustee , as the case may be.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 3-2-48 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-49 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-50 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-51 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-52 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-53 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 3-2-54 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-55 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-2-56 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-3 RPP 3-3 Supervision of Representative Offices
RPP 3-3-1
The
DFSA expects to undertake periodic visits toRepresentative Offices as part of its risk based approach to supervising firms. TheDFSA may also includeRepresentative Offices in thematic visits.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-3-2
Onsite visits to
Representative Offices are likely to focus on issues including:(a) confirming that activities undertaken by theRepresentative Office are allowed under its licence;(b) reviewing the adequacy of its systems and controls to comply with itsAML responsibilities;(c) reviewing the material distributed by theRepresentative Office to ensure it is clear, fair and not misleading;(d) any solvency concerns with the head office orGroup ; and(e) the firm's disclosure of its regulated status.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 3-3-3
The onsite visit is likely to include interviews with the
Principal Representative and a review of relevant records.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-4 RPP 3-4 Supervision of DNFBPs
RPP 3-4-1
The
DFSA expects to undertake periodic visits to the place of business of aDNFBP as part of its risk based approach to supervising firms. TheDFSA may also includeDNFBPs in thematic visits.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 EditionRPP 3-4-2
Onsite visits to
DNFBPs will generally focus on their compliance with relevant AML/CTF Laws and theRules contained in the AML module. This may include theDFSA testing the firm's systems and controls for conducting a money laundering risk assessment, customer due diligence and complying with relevant United Nations Security Council Sanctions and Resolutions.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 EditionRPP 3-4-3
The onsite visit is likely to include interviews with senior management and a review of relevant records. Depending on the outcome of the visit, the
DFSA may provide a letter to the firm to discuss its findings.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-4-4
The
DFSA will also receive an Annual AML Return from aDNFBP (see AML Rule 14.5.1) which will assist theDFSA in its supervision ofDNFBPs .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 EditionRPP 3-5 RPP 3-5 Supervision of Registered Auditors
RPP 3-5-1
The
DFSA undertakes periodic visits ofRegistered Auditors as part of its risk based approach to supervising firms. TheDFSA may includeRegistered Auditors in some thematic visits.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 3-5-2
A
Registered Auditor must complete an annual information return form for each calendar year and submit the form to theDFSA by 31 January of the following year.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 3-5-3
The
DFSA is likely to undertake a desk based review of the content of the annual information return form it receives from aRegistered Auditor . Prior to scheduling an onsite visit, theDFSA may make a request for further information from theRegistered Auditor .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 3-5-4
The onsite visit is likely to include interviews with senior management and a review of files/documentation.
Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-6 RPP 3-6 Supervision of Authorised Market Institutions
Introduction
RPP 3-6-1
The
Regulatory Law establishes a principles-based framework for the licensing and supervision ofAuthorised Market Institutions and for taking regulatory action against those licensed institutions. This framework is supplemented by supervisory powers and other requirements in the Markets Law 2012.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 3-6-2
The Markets Law 2012 establishes a framework in relation to how an
Authorised Market Institution may administer and operate anOfficial List of Securities and stipulates some specificRule requirements in respect of this.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 EditionOfficial List of Securities
RPP 3-6-3
Where an
Exchange administers and operates anOfficial List of Securities , the risk-based approach to supervision also applies to the carrying on of this activity.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Group Supervision
RPP 3-6-4
When the
DFSA licenses anAuthorised Market Institution , it takes into consideration the relationship with any widerGroup to which theAuthorised Market Institution may belong or with otherPersons closely linked to it. TheDFSA will also take into account lead or consolidated supervision to which anAuthorised Market Institution or itsGroup may be subject in another jurisdiction. This may lead to theDFSA placing some reliance on the supervisory arrangements in another jurisdiction or creating and participating in special arrangements for the supervision of theAuthorised Market Institution and itsGroup . TheAuthorised Market Institution is expected to provide information required or reasonably requested in relation to these consolidated or lead supervisory arrangements before final supervisory arrangements are established.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-6-5
Each relationship will be considered on a case by case basis and according to the risks posed by the
Authorised Market Institution's activities identified during supervisory arrangements. Such supervisory arrangements may include a process to be agreed by theDFSA , theAuthorised Market Institution itself and other relevant regulators.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-6-6
Effective co-operation with regulators will provide for prompt exchange of information and co-operation in relation to supervision and enforcement between jurisdictions. This may include exchanges of information and co-operation in respect of activity conducted by an
Authorised Market Institution . Usually co-operation arrangements will be in the form of memoranda of understanding. The information exchange will enhance theDFSA's understanding of the operations of theGroup and the effect on theAuthorised Market Institution .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 EditionApplication for a Change in Control
RPP 3-6-7
Chapter 8 of the AMI module sets out the requirements relating to a change in control. These requirements are similar to those for an
Authorised Firm which are set out at paragraphs 3-2-33 to 3-2-37.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 EditionDirections Power
RPP 3-6-8
Article 26 of the Markets Law 2012 empowers the
DFSA to give anAuthorised Market Institution certain directions in relation to theAuthorised Market Institution's duties under DFSA-administered laws. It also gives theDFSA a power to direct anAuthorised Market Institution to do specified things including closing the market, suspending transactions and prohibiting trading in Investments. Article 26 also empowers theDFSA to exercise the powers contained in theAuthorised Market Institution's Rules for participants as though it was theAuthorised Market Institution where it considers that theAuthorised Market Institution has not exercised the powers under thoseRules .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 EditionRPP 3-6-9
In considering whether to exercise such powers, the
DFSA may take into account factors including:(a) what steps theAuthorised Market Institution has taken or is taking in respect of the issue being addressed in the planned direction;(b) the impact on theDFSA's objectives if a direction were not issued; or(c) whether it is in the interests of theDIFC .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 3-6-10
The written notice given by the
DFSA will specify what anAuthorised Market Institution is required to do under the exercise of such powers. Though theDFSA is not required to do so under the Markets Law 2012, in most cases theDFSA will contact theAuthorised Market Institution prior to issuing such a direction.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 EditionRPP 3-6-11
Article 35 of the Markets Law 2012 allows the
DFSA to direct anAuthorised Market Institution to suspend or delistSecurities from itsOfficial List of Securities . Such directions may take effect immediately or from a date and time as may be specified in the direction. Chapter 9 of the MKT contains details in this regard.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 EditionRPP 3-7 RPP 3-7 Business Transfer Schemes
General background
RPP 3-7-1
This section sets out information relating to a financial services business transfer scheme, i.e., a scheme by an
Authorised Firm to transfer all or a part of a financial service business to another body. A reference in this section to "the Law" is to theRegulatory Law , to an "Article" is to anArticle of the Law and to a "transfer scheme" is to a financial services business transfer scheme.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-2
Part 9 of the Law sets out requirements applying to financial services business transfer schemes. In particular, Article 106 provides that no transfer scheme is to have effect unless a
Court order has been made in relation to the scheme.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-3
Article 107 defines a "transfer scheme" as a scheme where:
(a) the whole or part of the business carried on through an establishment in theDIFC by anAuthorised Firm ("the firm concerned") is to be transferred to another body ("the transferee") and the business to be transferred consists in whole or in part of financial services business; or(b) theFund Property of aFund , or of a sub-fund of anUmbrella Fund ("the Fund concerned"), is to be transferred to anotherFund .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-4
The need for a
Court order sanctioning a transfer scheme arises because a transfer of business may interfere with agreements between anAuthorised Firm and its clients (without the consent of each client), and may also affect the rights of other persons, such as creditors. TheCourt is best placed to hear and consider representations from persons who may be adversely affected by the scheme. It is then able, if appropriate, to make various orders binding all persons concerned that are necessary to give legal effect to the transfer.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionApplying to the Court
RPP 3-7-5
Under Article 108 the
Authorised Firm concerned, the transferee or both may apply to theCourt for an order sanctioning a transfer scheme.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-6
If an
Authorised Firm or transferee is considering a transfer scheme, it should discuss the scheme with theDFSA as soon as practicable, to enable theDFSA to consider whether any particular issues are likely to arise, and to establish a practical timetable for the scheme.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-7
It is important for an applicant to plan a timetable as there are various steps it must take under Article 111 (some of which involve the
DFSA ) before the Court may determine an application. For example, an applicant to theCourt must:(a) arrange for a report on the terms of the transfer scheme (a "scheme report") to be prepared by a person nominated or approved by theDFSA who appears to have the skills necessary to enable him to make a proper report (an "independent expert");(b) give written notice of the transfer scheme to all interested parties (as determined by theDFSA ); and(c) publish a notice in a newspaper best suited to bringing the transfer scheme to the attention of any persons who may be affected by it. Depending on where theAuthorised Firm 's business and clients are located, notice may be necessary in more than one newspaper.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-8
The scheme report is a key document in the process that will assist and be relied upon by the
Court in deciding whether or not to approve the proposed scheme and will also inform and be relied upon by theDFSA and persons potentially affected by the scheme. TheDFSA will, therefore, only nominate or approve a person to make the report if the person has appropriate expertise and is independent of both the proposed transferor and transferee. That is, the person should be neutral and not have any potential conflicts of interest, so that the report is objective. The scheme report, as well as being objective, must set out clearly and in sufficient detail, the independent expert's opinion as to the likely effects and impact of the scheme on clients and third parties and each opinion must be supported by appropriate analysis and rationale.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-9
In limited circumstances the
DFSA may direct that a scheme report or notice is not required. However, theDFSA may only do so if it appears to theDFSA that, by reason of urgency, it is in the interests of theDIFC that the scheme report or notice is not provided (see Article 111).Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-10
Article 109 provides that when an application is made to the
Court , the following persons may be heard by theCourt :(a) any person who alleges that he would be adversely affected by the carrying out of the scheme; and(b) theDFSA .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-11
Under Article 108 the
Court may grant an order sanctioning the transfer scheme if it considers that, in all the circumstances of the case, it is appropriate to do so. Under Article 112 theCourt must also be satisfied that:(a) before the transfer takes effect, the transferee will have any authorisation necessary to enable the business to be carried on in the place in which it is to be transferred; and(b) the transferee will possess adequate financial resources to carry on that business in accordance with the legislation applicable in that place.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-12
Article 110 sets out the various types of orders that the
Court can make relating to a transfer scheme.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionAlternative Arrangements
RPP 3-7-13
Under Article 113 the
DFSA may, byRules , modify the provisions in Part 9 in specified cases. The DFSA has made suchRules in Chapter 12 of GEN and in Chapter 16 of CIR.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-14
The effect of GEN Chapter 12 is that a business transfer scheme is not required to be sanctioned by a
Court order to be effective if certain other alternative arrangements have been made. These alternative arrangements apply only to transfer schemes that do not involve a transfer of:(a) Banking Business;(b) Insurance business; or(c)Fund Property Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-15
The first type of arrangement is if the
Authorised Firm or transferee has been able to obtain the consent of each client who will be affected by the scheme. This option recognises that sometimes, if there are only a small number of clients, it may be practicable to obtain the agreement of all clients whose interests may be affected. Any communication sent to the client should set out clearly what the client is being asked to consent to. Also, it should then be clear that the client has provided its consent.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-16
The second type of arrangement is if the transfer of business is expressly permitted under agreements between clients and the
Authorised Firm or transferee concerned and the procedures in those agreements have been complied with. For example, in some cases agreements expressly provide for the transfer of accounts or novation of contracts to another person in accordance with a specified procedure.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-17
Finally, in limited cases, a person may apply to the
DFSA for its written consent to the transfer scheme. The DFSA does not expectAuthorised Firms to regard this as their first option. TheDFSA expects to receive applications seeking its consent to a transfer scheme only in very limited circumstances if the scheme is not complex or contentious. Under GEN 12.1.5, theDFSA may give its consent only if it is reasonably satisfied of a number of matters including that:(a) it is more appropriate and proportionate, and in the overall interests of clients, for theDFSA 's consent to be sought rather than an application being made to theCourt ;(b) the applicant has taken all reasonable steps to pursue other options for giving effect to the scheme (e.g. seeking the consent of clients or using procedures in existing agreements);(c) the scheme is not likely to result in any material prejudice to the interests of clients of theAuthorised Firm ; and(d) implementation of the scheme will not result in theAuthorised Firm or transferee contravening a law orRule .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-18
The onus is on the
Authorised Firm and the transferee to ensure that a transfer of business under an alternative arrangement is legally effective. For example, obtaining the consent of theDFSA may mean that it is not necessary to apply for aCourt order, but it does not of itself give legal effect to the transfer.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-19
Further, just because an alternative mechanism in GEN 12 may be available does not prevent the
Authorised Firm or transferee from applying for aCourt order sanctioning a transfer scheme under Part 9 of the Law if they consider it appropriate to do so. For example, an application for aCourt order is likely to be more appropriate if the scheme is complex (e.g. there are complex property interests involved), is likely to be contentious, is likely to affect a large number of persons or if additional legal certainty is sought.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 3-7-20
The following flowchart sets out in simplified form some of the options available to an
Authorised Firm or transferee. The flowchart and the information in this Chapter is only intended to be a summary of the procedures for a transfer of business. For full information a person reading this Chapter should also read Part 9 of the Law, Chapter 12 of GEN and Chapter 16 of CIR.BUSINESS TRANSFER SCHEMES
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 4 RPP 4 Supervisory and Enforcement Powers
RPP 4-1 RPP 4-1 Introduction
RPP 4-1-1
This chapter provides information on how the DFSA will generally exercise its powers when conducting supervisory or enforcement activities. These powers can be exercised in respect of any
Persons , including anAuthorised Person ,DNFBP orRegistered Auditor (collectively referred to as "firms" in this chapter unless otherwise stated), anAuthorised Individual ,Key Individual ,Audit Principal orPrincipal Representative .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-1-2
Chapter 5 of the RPP describes how the DFSA will exercise additional powers when conducting enforcement activities.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 4-1-3
A reference to:
(a) an Article in this chapter is a reference to an Article in the Regulatory Law, unless otherwise stated; and(b) the Law in this chapter is a reference to any legislation administered by the DFSA.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-1-4
The range of powers available to the
DFSA is primarily set out in the Regulatory Law. Some of the key powers (see Appendix 1) include the power to:(a) request information and documents and access premises (Article 73);(b) require anAuthorised Person to provide a report from an independent expert (Article 74);(c) impose prohibitions or restrictions on anAuthorised Person's business (Article 75) or dealings with relevant property (Article 76);(d) issue a direction to an Authorised Person or Affiliate for prudential purposes (Article 75A);(e) impose conditions and restrictions on anAuthorised Person's Licence or endorsement (Article 49);(f) impose conditions and restrictions on anAuthorised Individual orKey Individual (Article 56);(g) withdraw an authorisation or endorsement on aLicence or withdraw theLicence (as a whole) of anAuthorised Person (Articles 50 and 51);(h) suspend an authorisation or endorsement on aLicence or suspend theLicence of anAuthorised Person (Article 52);(i) restrict, suspend or withdraw anAuthorised Individual orKey Individual's status (Article 58(1);(j) restrict a person from performing any functions in connection with provision ofFinancial Services (Article 59), and(k) impose conditions and restrictions on, or suspend, vary or withdraw the registration of, aRegistered Auditor orAudit Principal (Articles 98 and 98A).Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-1-5
When the
DFSA exercises a power specified in this chapter (except for sections 4-2 and 4-3), it will generally follow the decision making procedures set out in Chapter 7 of the RPP.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-2 RPP 4-2 Power to Request Information and Documents
RPP 4-2-1
In order to supervise the conduct and activities of an
Authorised Person ,DNFBP ,Domestic Fund ,Registered Auditor or any director, officer, employee or agent of such person, the DFSA requires access to a broad range of information relating to aPerson's business. Such information is usually provided to the DFSA on a voluntary basis. In particular,Authorised Persons ,Authorised Individuals andDNFBPs are expected to deal with the DFSA in an open and cooperative manner and disclose to the DFSA any information of which the DFSA would reasonably expect to be notified.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-2-2
Under Article 73 of the Regulatory Law, the
DFSA may require aPerson referred to in 4.2.1 to give information and produce documents about its business, transactions or employees to the DFSA. When theDFSA requires the giving of information or production of documents, it will give thePerson a written notice specifying what is required to be given or produced.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-2-3
The DFSA may exercise its powers under Article 73 in respect of such a
Person either within, or outside, theDIFC .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-3 RPP 4-3 Power to Access Premises
RPP 4-3-1
The
DFSA may require anyAuthorised Person ,DNFBP ,Domestic Fund orRegistered Auditor to allow theDFSA to enter it premises during normal business hours or at any other time as may be agreed, for the purpose of inspecting and copying information or documents (at the relevantPerson's expense) stored in any form on such premises, as it considers necessary or desirable to meet the objectives of the DFSA.1
1 Article 73(2), GEN Rule 11.1.2.(d).
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-3-2
The
DFSA will provide reasonable notice to anAuthorised Person ,DNFBP ,Domestic Fund orRegistered Auditor or other person when it seeks information, documents or access to premises. In exceptional circumstances, such as where any delay may be prejudicial to the interests of theDIFC , theDFSA may seek access to premises without notice.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-4 RPP 4-4 Power to Require a Report
RPP 4-4-1
Under Article 74, the DFSA may require an
Authorised Person to provide it with a report from an independent expert on specified matters.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-4-2
There are a variety of circumstances where the DFSA may consider it appropriate to require the production of a report. These circumstances include, but are not limited to:
(a) where the DFSA has concerns as to the adequacy of systems and controls (such as compliance, internal audit, anti money laundering, risk management and record keeping);(b) where the DFSA seeks verification of information submitted to it; or(c) where remedial action is required to ensure theAuthorised Person complies with DFSA Laws and Rules.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 4-4-3
GEN section 11.12 sets out various requirements relating to the appointment of an independent expert. In particular, it is noted that:
(a) the DFSA will give written notification to theAuthorised Person concerning the purpose of the proposed report, the scope, the timetable for completion and any other relevant matters;(b) the independent expert is required to be appointed by theAuthorised Person and be nominated or approved by the DFSA;(c) anAuthorised Person is required to include specific requirements in a contract with an independent expert;(d) anAuthorised Person is required to ensure it provides all assistance that the independent expert may reasonably require and ensure that the independent expert co-operates with the DFSA; and(e) anAuthorised Person is required to pay for the services of the independent expert.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 4-4-4
The DFSA notes that any information given or documents produced under Article 74 are admissible in evidence in administrative and civil proceedings, provided that any such information or documents also comply with any requirements relating to the admissibility of evidence in such proceedings.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 4-5 RPP 4-5 Power to Restrict an Authorised Person's Business or Property
RPP 4-5-1
The
DFSA has a power under Article 75 to impose prohibitions or restrictions on anAuthorised Person's business. This includes prohibiting anAuthorised Person from entering into specific types of transactions, from soliciting business from specific types of persons or from carrying on business in a specific manner. The DFSA may also require anAuthorised Person to carry on business in, and only in, a specified manner. TheDFSA may also prohibit anAuthorised Person from using a particular name or description.2
2 Article 75(1)(a)(iv).
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-5-2
Under Article 76, the
DFSA is also empowered to prohibit or require anAuthorised Person to deal with any relevant property in a certain manner.3 The terms "dealing" and "relevant property" are defined in Article 76 as follows:(a) "dealing" in relation to property includes the maintaining, holding, disposing and transferring of property; and(b) "relevant property" in relation to anAuthorised Person means:(i) any property held by the person on behalf of any of the clients of the person, or held by any other person on behalf of or to the order of the person; or(ii) any other property which theDFSA reasonably believes to be owned or controlled by the person.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-5-3
In determining whether to exercise its Article 75 and 76 powers, the DFSA will take into account the circumstances set out in GEN Rule 11.13.1 (a) to (m).
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 4-6 RPP 4-6 Power to Impose Conditions and Restrictions on an Authorised Person's Licence or Endorsement
RPP 4-6-1
Under Article 49, the
DFSA may at any time by written notice to anAuthorised Person on its own initiative, or at the request of anAuthorised Person :(a) impose conditions and restrictions or additional conditions and restrictions on aLicence or in relation to aLicense endorsement; and(b) vary or withdraw conditions and restrictions imposed on aLicence or in relation to aLicense endorsement.4
4 Article 49(1) and (2).
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-6-2
In determining whether to exercise its Article 49 power, the DFSA will take into account the circumstances including, but not limited to, the following:
(a) where theAuthorised Person's resources (including financial resources as well as human resources) are inadequate for the scale or type of activity which the firm is licensed to undertake;(b) where theAuthorised Person has not conducted its business in compliance with the Laws and Rules;(c) where theAuthorised Person has conducted its business in such a way that it has not ensured full compliance with applicable money laundering and counter terrorism legislation; or(d) where the DFSA has some concern about the fitness and propriety of theAuthorised Person , but not such as to warrant the withdrawal of itsLicence .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 4-7 RPP 4-7 Power to Withdraw an Authorisation or Endorsement in Respect of One or More Financial Services or a Licence
RPP 4-7-1
The DFSA may exercise its powers under Article 50(1) on its own initiative to withdraw an authorisation under, or an endorsement on, a
Licence to carry on one or moreFinancial Services where:(a) theAuthorised Person is or has been in breach of one or more restrictions or conditions applicable to itsLicence or relating to aLicense endorsement;(b) theAuthorised Person is in breach of the Regulatory Law, Rules or other legislation administered by the DFSA;(c) theAuthorised Person is no longer fit and proper to carry on aFinancial Service for which it has an authorisation or an activity for which it has aLicence endorsement;(d) theAuthorised Person has failed for a period of at least twelve consecutive months to carry on one or moreFinancial Services for which it is authorised under aLicence or an activity for which it has aLicence Endorsement ; or(e) theDFSA considers that the exercise of the power is necessary or desirable in the pursuit of its objectives.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-7-2
The DFSA may exercise its powers under Article 51 to withdraw a
Licence where:(a) as a consequence of withdrawal of authorisation in relation to one or moreFinancial Services under Article 50, theAuthorised Person is no longer authorised to carry on aFinancial Service ;(b) theAuthorised Person is no longer fit and proper to hold aLicence ;(c) theAuthorised Person has failed to remove aController or take such other action as required by the DFSA under Article 64; or(d) theAuthorised Person requests the withdrawal.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 4-7-3
In determining whether to exercise its Article 50 and 51 powers, the DFSA will have regard to all relevant matters. These include, but are not limited to, the following:
(a) when the DFSA has serious concerns about the manner in which the business of theAuthorised Person has been or is being conducted;(b) when the DFSA considers it necessary to protect regulated entities and customers in the DIFC;(c) whether any alleged contraventions affect or have the potential to affect the DFSA's objectives;(d) the nature, seriousness and impact of any alleged contravention and whether the alleged contravention is ongoing;(e) when theAuthorised Person no longer satisfies the relevant criteria set out in chapter 7 of the GEN module, chapters 2 and 7 of the AMI module and section 2-2 of this module in respect of the fitness and propriety to carry on aFinancial Service or hold aLicence ;(f) when the activities of theAuthorised Person have ceased; and(g) when theAuthorised Person's resources seem to the DFSA inadequate for the scale or type of activity which the firm is authorised to undertake.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-7-4
Where an
Authorised Person requests the DFSA to withdraw itsLicence , then such aPerson should complete and submit the relevant form to the DFSA (see SUP 6 Form - AFN Sourcebook). This form sets out a number of matters which the DFSA will consider before processing such an application to withdraw aLicence .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 4-8 RPP 4-8 Power to Impose Conditions and Restrictions on the Status of an Authorised Individual or Key Individual
RPP 4-8-1
Under Article 56, the
DFSA may at any time by a written notice to anAuthorised Individual orKey Individual and theAuthorised Firm orAuthorised Market Institution in relation to which theAuthorised Individual orKey Individual , respectively, is an officer, employee or agent:(a) impose conditions and restrictions, or additional conditions and restrictions, on the grant ofAuthorised Individual orKey Individual status; and(b) vary or withdraw conditions and restrictions imposed on the grant of such status.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-8-2
The
DFSA may exercise this power in circumstances including, but not limited to, the following:(a) where theAuthorised Individual orKey Individual has not acted effectively or responsibly or has not exercised the expected level of skill, care and diligence in carrying out theLicensed Function ;(b) where the conduct of theAuthorised Individual orKey Individual falls below the standards expected; or(c) where theDFSA has some concern about the fitness and propriety of theAuthorised Individual orKey Individual , but not such as to warrant the suspension or withdrawal of anAuthorised Individual orKey Individual's status.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-9 RPP 4-9 Power to Restrict, Suspend and Withdraw the Status of an Authorised Individual or Key Individual
RPP 4-9-1
Under Article 58(1), the
DFSA has the power to restrict an individual from performingLicensed Functions , or to suspend or withdraw an individual'sAuthorised Individual orKey Individual status, if it reasonably concludes that:(a) the individual is in breach, or has been in breach of, an obligation that applies as a result of theirAuthorised Individual orKey Individual status; or(b) an individual is no longer fit and proper to perform a role in respect of which he is anAuthorised Individual orKey Individual .5
5 Article 58(1).
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-9-2
In determining whether to exercise its Article 58(1) power, the
DFSA will have regard to all relevant matters including, but not limited to, the criteria for assessing the fitness and propriety of anAuthorised Individual as set out in chapter 7 of GEN, forKey Individuals the criteria set out in chapter 3 of AMI and section 2-3 of this Sourcebook.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-9-3
The
DFSA may also withdraw theAuthorised Individual orKey Individual status of an individual under Article 58(2) if:(a) the individual becomes bankrupt;(b) the individual is convicted of a serious criminal offence;(c) the individual becomes incapable, through mental or physical incapacity, of managing his affairs;(d) the individual or the relevantAuthorised Person asks theDFSA to withdraw the relevant status; or(e) theLicence of the relevantAuthorised Person is withdrawn.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-9-4
In determining whether to exercise its power under Article 58(2)(b), the
DFSA will give particular consideration to offences involving dishonesty, fraud or a financial crime.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-10 RPP 4-10 Power to Restrict Individuals
RPP 4-10-1
Under Article 59(1), if the
DFSA reasonably believes that a natural person is not fit and proper to perform any functions in connection with the provision ofFinancial Services , it may restrict thatPerson from performing any or all such functions.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-10-2
Article 59 enables the
DFSA to impose a restriction in respect of all functions or in respect of specific functions. The restriction may also apply to functions whether or not they areLicensed Functions . Whether a general restriction, or a more specific restriction, is imposed by theDFSA may depend on the facts of the matter, including:(a) the concerns upon which theDFSA determines that a natural person is not fit and proper to perform any functions; and(b) the need to protect the integrity of theDIFC and ensure the confidence of participants in the market.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-10-3
In determining whether to exercise its power under Article 59(1), the
DFSA may have regard to all relevant matters including, but not limited to, the criteria for assessing the fitness and propriety ofAuthorised Individuals as set out in chapter 7 of GEN, forKey Individuals the criteria set out in chapter 3 of AMI and section 2-3 of this Sourcebook.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-11 RPP 4-11 Powers Relating to the Registration of a Registered Auditor or Audit Principal
RPP 4-11-1
The
DFSA has the power to impose conditions or restrictions upon aRegistered Auditor orAudit Principal .6 TheDFSA has the power in respect of aRegistered Auditor orAudit Principal to withdraw its registration or suspend its registration.7
6 Articles 98(3) and (6).
7 Article 98A(1).
Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-11-2
The
DFSA may exercise its powers to suspend registration of aRegistered Auditor orAudit Principal on its own initiative in the following circumstances:(a) theRegistered Auditor orAudit Principal is in breach of, or has been in breach of, one or more restrictions or conditions applicable to its registration;(b) theRegistered Auditor orAudit Principal is in breach of, or has been in breach of, the Regulatory Law or the Rules;(c) theRegistered Auditor orAudit Principal is no longer fit and proper;(d) theRegistered Auditor has failed for a period of at least 24 consecutive months to provideAudit Services permitted under its registration;(e) if theAudit Principal becomes a bankrupt, is convicted of a serious criminal offence, has become incapable of managing his affairs or is no longer employed by theRegistered Auditor who appointed him; or(f) in the case of anAudit Principal , if the registration of theirRegistered Auditor is suspended or withdrawn.8
8 Article 98A(2).
Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-12 RPP 4-12 Miscellaneous Powers
Endorsements
RPP 4-12-1
The
DFSA has the power to:(a) impose conditions and restrictions;9 or(b) withdraw or vary conditions and restrictions,10on an endorsement to conduct Islamic Finance Business.
9 Article 12 of the Law Regulating Islamic FInancial Business 2004.
10 Article 12 of the Law Regulating Islamic FInancial Business 2004.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-12-2
In respect of an endorsement on a Licence to conduct business with
Retail Clients , theDFSA has the power to impose conditions and restrictions, or withdraw or vary conditions and restrictions under Article 49 (see section 4-6 of this chapter).Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-12-3
In determining whether to exercise such powers, the
DFSA will have regard to all relevant matters including, but not limited to, one or more of those circumstances specified in 4-6-2 in respect of imposing, varying or withdrawing conditions and restrictions.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionFunds
RPP 4-12-4
The
DFSA has the power to withdraw the registration of aPublic Fund in one or more of the circumstances set out in Article 32 of the Collective Investment Law.11 In determining whether to exercise this power, theDFSA can withdraw the registration of aPublic Fund only if it considers that:(a) the withdrawal is in the interests of theUnitholders of theFund ; or(b) appropriate steps have been taken or may reasonably be taken to protect the interests of theUnitholders .
11 Article 32 of the Collective Investment Law 2010.
Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionDirection Powers for Prudential Purposes
RPP 4-12-5
Under Article 75A, the
DFSA may for, prudential purposes, direct a particularAuthorised Firm , orAuthorised Firms within a specified class, to:(a) comply with any specified additional capital or liquidity requirements;(b) apply a specific provisioning policy or treatment of specified assets;(c) comply with specified limits on material risk exposures;(d) comply with specified limits on exposures to related parties;(e) meet additional or more frequent reporting requirements; or(f) take such other action as is specified in the direction.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-12-6
Where the
DFSA issues a direction under Article 75A toAuthorised Firms within a specified class, the direction will remain in force for a period of no more than 12 months in the first instance, unless theDFSA specifies a shorter period of time in the notice. TheDFSA considers that such a direction should remain in force for a limited period as it has a Rule making power under theRegulatory Law at its disposal, which theDFSA would ordinarily use where it was proposing to change its Rules relating toAuthorised Firms within a specified class.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-12-7
The
DFSA may also direct an Affiliate of anAuthorised Person to take specified steps or not to carry out specified activities.12 TheDFSA may give such a direction to an Affiliate if theDFSA is the consolidated supervisor of theGroup to which theAuthorised Person belongs and is satisfied that the direction is necessary or desirable for the effective prudential supervision of theGroup .13 A direction may, for example, include a requirement that the Affiliate limit any activities reasonably likely to expose theAuthorised Person or itsGroup to excessive risks or risks that are not properly managed.
12 Article 75A(2).
13 Article 75A(2).
Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-13 RPP 4-13 [Deleted]
[Deleted]
RPP 4-13-1 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-13-2 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-13-3 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 4-13-4 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 4-13-5 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-13-6 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 4-13-7 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 4-13-8 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionAppendix 1 — Key Powers
Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 5 RPP 5 Enforcement
RPP 5-1 RPP 5-1 The DFSA's Approach to Enforcement
Introduction
RPP 5-1-1
This chapter sets out the
DFSA's approach to enforcement and how it commences and conducts investigations, and exercises its powers to address any misconduct or contravention of the Law, Rules or other legislation administered by theDFSA . TheDFSA's approach to imposing a penalty can be found in chapter 6 of this sourcebook.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-1-2
A reference to:
(a) an Article in this chapter is a reference to an Article in theRegulatory Law , unless otherwise stated;(b) the Law in this chapter is a reference to any legislation administered by theDFSA ; and(c) a notice of decision includes, where applicable, aDecision Notice .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionEnforcement Philosophy
RPP 5-1-3
The
DFSA's enforcement philosophy is guided by the following principles, which govern theDFSA's approach to fulfilling its objectives as set out in Article 8:(a) theDFSA adopts a risk based approach to regulation. This means that theDFSA will generally focus its efforts on those activities that it perceives as posing the greatest risk to the fulfilment of its objectives;(b) theDFSA will act swiftly and decisively to stop conduct which threatens the integrity of theDIFC or the stability of the financial services industry in theDIFC , minimise its effects, and prevent such conduct re-occurring;(c) theDFSA works closely with home state regulators of international firms to ensure that there is a co-ordinated approach to regulation;(d) theDFSA will act fairly, openly, accountably and proportionally in the exercise of its enforcement powers; and(e) theDFSA will not publish details of the commencement or conduct of investigations, unless it is in the furtherance of theDFSA's objectives or the public interest to do so. TheDFSA will generally publish details of the outcome of an enforcement action in keeping with its fair and transparent approach and to maintain the integrity of theDIFC by deterring contraventions of Laws or other misconduct.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-2 RPP 5-2 Enforcement Framework
Introduction
RPP 5-2-1
The
DFSA will take an enforcement action in line with its objectives and enforcement philosophy and may conduct investigations where there is a suspected contravention of the Law.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionGeneral Contravention Provisions
RPP 5-2-2
A
Person contravenes the Law when thatPerson :(a) does an act or thing that thePerson is prohibited from doing by or under the Law;(b) does not do an act or thing that thePerson is required or directed to do by or under the Law; or(c) otherwise contravenes a provision of the Law.14
14Article 85.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionInvolvement in Contravention
RPP 5-2-3
If a
Person is knowingly concerned in a contravention by anotherPerson of the Law then, under Article 86, bothPersons may be held liable for committing a contravention.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-2-4
A
Person is "knowingly concerned" in a contravention15 if thePerson :(a) has aided, abetted, counselled or procured the contravention;(b) has induced, whether by threats or promises or otherwise, the contravention;(c) has in any way, by act or omission, directly or indirectly, been knowingly involved in or been party to, the contravention; or(d) has conspired with another or others to effect the contravention.
15Article 86(7).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionEnforcement Process
RPP 5-2-5
When taking enforcement action, the
DFSA will generally adopt the enforcement process described in this chapter. TheDFSA's enforcement process is comprised of the following elements:(a) Assessment of complaints and referrals (section 5-3);(b) Commencement of an investigation (section 5-4);(c) Information gathering (section 5-5);(d) Remedies (section 5-6); and(e) Conclusion of the Investigation (section 5-19).See Appendix 1 for a diagram of the enforcement process.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3 RPP 5-3 Assessment of Complaints and Referrals
RPP 5-3-1
The assessment of complaints and referrals concerning suspected misconduct or suspected contraventions of the Law is a key function of the
DFSA's regulatory remit and enforcement framework. Every complaint and referral, regardless of source, is assessed to determine whether an investigation or other action ought to take place.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionSources of Complaints and Referrals
RPP 5-3-2
The
DFSA may become aware of suspected misconduct or suspected contraventions of Laws from a variety of sources including:(a) members of the public;(b) its supervisory activities; and(c) other external regulatory authorities or law enforcement agencies.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionComplaints
RPP 5-3-3
The
DFSA receives and assesses two types of complaints:Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-4
A
Person wishing to lodge a complaint with theDFSA should do so in writing. A complaint can be lodged:(a) electronically via the complaints portal on theDFSA website (see http://www.dfsa.ae);(b) by facsimile to 04 362 0801;(c) by sending the complaint to PO Box 75850 Dubai, UAE; or(d) delivering the complaint to theDFSA at Level 13, The Gate Building,DIFC .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-5
When a complaint is received, the
DFSA will send an acknowledgement letter to the complainant which will include the contact details of theDFSA complaints management function.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRegulatory Complaints
RPP 5-3-6
Complaints received by the
DFSA from members of the public which relate to:(a) any conduct of or dissatisfaction with anyPerson regulated by theDFSA ;(b) a potential contravention of a Law or Rule; or(c) any conduct that causes, or may cause, damage to the reputation of theDIFC or the financial services industry in theDIFC ;are classified as regulatory complaints and are assessed through the
DFSA's complaints management function.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-7
If, during the assessment of a regulatory complaint, the
DFSA identifies suspected misconduct or a suspected contravention of a Law, it will refer the complaint to the relevantDFSA division for further consideration. Thereafter, the relevant division assumes responsibility for the complaint.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-8
All complaints lodged with the
DFSA are held in confidence in accordance with theRegulatory Law . However, in order to assess a complaint properly, theDFSA may need to speak to third parties including anyPerson who is the subject of the complaint.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionReferrals
RPP 5-3-9
There are two types of referrals, internal and external. Internal referrals originate from the
DFSA's supervisory activities conducted by the Supervision or Markets Division. TheDFSA's supervisory framework is designed to detect and mitigate risks to theDIFC and the financial services industry in theDIFC . An internal referral occurs when aDFSA supervisory division refers a matter to the Enforcement Division, when the supervisory division has identified possible contraventions of Laws and Rules.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-10
When Enforcement receives an internal referral, the referring division may continue to be responsible for the on-going supervision of the
Person who is the subject of the referral.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-11
The
DFSA may also receive allegations of misconduct through an external referral from other regulatory authorities and law enforcement agencies. Such allegations are generally received pursuant to theIOSCO or IAIS Multilateral Memoranda of Understanding (MMoU), or bilateral arrangements for the exchange of information between theDFSA and other regulatory and enforcement agencies.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionComplaints Against the DFSA and Its Employees
RPP 5-3-12
Complaints about the conduct and activities of the
DFSA and its employees are administered and assessed separately by theDFSA's Office of General Counsel.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-3-13
Information on how the
DFSA's Office of General Counsel assesses complaints against theDFSA and its employees can be found on theDFSA's website (see http://www.dfsa.ae).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4 RPP 5-4 Commencement of Investigations
Introduction
RPP 5-4-1
Upon receipt of an internal or external referral, the allegation will be assessed to determine if there is a suspicion of a contravention of the Law. If a suspicion arises and it is appropriate and expedient, then the
DFSA may commence an investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4-2
In determining whether to commence an investigation, the
DFSA will consider a number of factors including, but not limited to:(a) the nature, seriousness and impact of the suspected contravention and whether the suspected contravention is on-going;(b) whether the suspected contravention affects, or has the potential to affect, theDFSA objectives;(c) whether those involved in the suspected contravention are likely to co-operate;(d) whether it is likely that the suspected contravention may be proven;(e) the disciplinary record and compliance history of thePerson orPersons involved in the suspected contravention;(f) whether, if proven, a suitable remedy is available;(g) the extent to which another law enforcement agency orFinancial Services Regulator can adequately address the matter and, if so, that body's attitude toward the matter;(h) the nature of any request for assistance made by another regulator or body under Article 39; and(i) whether any party who may have suffered some detriment as a result of the suspected contravention is able to take his own remedial action.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionInvestigation Determination
RPP 5-4-3
Article 78 empowers the
DFSA to conduct such investigations as it considers appropriate and expedient:(a) where it has reason to suspect that a contravention of the Law or the Rules is being or may have been committed; or(b) further to a request for assistance made under Article 39.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4-4
Whether an investigation of a matter is appropriate and expedient is determined by reference to factors such as those set out in paragraph 5-4-2.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4-5
Whether the
DFSA has "reason to suspect" a contravention of the Law is a question which theDFSA will determine on the facts and circumstances, available at the time, of the determination.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4-6
While the
DFSA is not bound to disclose, to any party, that an investigation has commenced or is on-going or the basis upon which an investigation is commenced, it may notify aPerson who is the subject of an investigation that an investigation has commenced, and the nature of the investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4-7
The
DFSA will not make a notification referred to in 5-4-6 if to do so is likely to compromise or prejudice the investigation. TheDFSA will not advise aPerson of the conclusion of an investigation unless thePerson has earlier been notified of its commencement.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-4-8
The decision to commence an investigation is not a decision that can be referred to the
Financial Markets Tribunal for review.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5 RPP 5-5 Information Gathering
Introduction
RPP 5-5-1
Once an investigation is commenced, the
DFSA may exercise its powers to gather information to advance its objectives.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-2
The
DFSA's information-gathering powers may only be exercised by delegates of theChief Executive . The delegation need not be limited toDFSA employees. TheChief Executive may delegateDFSA powers to non-DFSA staff who are able to assist aDFSA investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-3
Similarly, where the
DFSA is exercising its powers on behalf of another regulator, it may also delegate powers to a representative of that regulator.16
16 Article 40.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionArticle 80 Powers
RPP 5-5-4
During an investigation, the
DFSA may obtain relevant information and documents on a compulsory basis, principally through the exercise of its powers under Article 80(1), and on a voluntary basis.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-5
The Article 80(1) power to obtain information is a key component of the
DFSA's investigative powers. Without the compulsory powers in Article 80(1), theDFSA would not be able to conduct effective and thorough investigations into suspected misconduct or suspected contraventions of the Law, and consequently would not be able to meet its objectives.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-6
The powers under Article 80(1) are different from the supervisory powers under Article 73(1). The key distinctions are that the Article 80 powers may be used:
(a) only for the purposes of an investigation; and(b) in circumstances where theDFSA considers that aPerson is or may be able to give information or produce a document which is or may be relevant to an investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-7
By comparison, the Article 73(1) power permits the
DFSA to request information and documents from anAuthorised Person ,DNFBP ,Domestic Fund ,Registered Auditor and any director, officer, employees or agent of suchPerson , which theDFSA considers is necessary or desirable to meet the objectives of theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-8
When the
DFSA uses its powers under Article 80(1) (b), (c), (d) or (e), it will provide a written notice to thePerson on whom the requirement is being imposed.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionInspection
RPP 5-5-9
Article 80(1)(a) empowers the
DFSA to enter business premises of aPerson during the course of an investigation for the purpose of inspecting and copying information or documents. This power will be exercised when theDFSA considers that suchPerson is or may be able to provide information or documents that are or may be relevant to an investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-10
The
DFSA will generally not provide prior notice of an inspection in circumstances where the provision of prior notice may prejudice the investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-11
When exercising its power to enter business premises under Article 80(1)(a), the
DFSA may:17(a) require any appropriatePerson to:(i) make available any relevant information stored at the business premises for inspection or copying; or(ii) convert any relevant information into a physical form capable of being copied; and(b) use the facilities of the occupier of the business premises, free of charge, to make copies.
17 Article 80(2).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionProduction of Information
RPP 5-5-12
Article 80(1)(b) empowers the
DFSA to require aPerson to give, or procure the giving of, information. TheDFSA considers that the term "information" should be interpreted broadly, in accordance with its ordinary meaning.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-13
Information may include, for example, the following:
(a) knowledge communicated or received concerning a particular matter, fact or circumstance;(b) knowledge gained through work, commerce, study, communication, research or instruction;(c) data obtained as output from a computer by means of processing input data with a program or any data at any stage of processing including input, output, storage or transmission data;(d) an explanation or statement about a matter;(e) the identification of aPerson , matter or thing; and(f) the provision of a response to a question.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-14
The
DFSA will allow a reasonable period for compliance with the requirement to give information. The reasonableness of the requirement will depend upon the circumstances of each case. TheDFSA may, in some circumstances, require the giving of information straightaway where the giving of prior notice may prejudice the investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionProduction of Documents
RPP 5-5-15
Article 80(1)(c) empowers the
DFSA to require aPerson to produce, or procure the production of, specified documents. TheDFSA considers that the term "document" should be interpreted broadly, in accordance with its ordinary meaning. Specified documents may include, for example, any record of information, including:(a) anything on which there is writing;(b) anything on which there are marks, figures, symbols or perforations having a meaning forPersons qualified to interpret them;(c) anything from which sounds, images or writings can be reproduced with or without the aid of anything else; or(d) a map, plan, drawing or photograph.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-16
This power can only be used when an investigation has commenced and the
DFSA considers that thePerson to whom the notice is addressed is, or may be, able to produce documents which may be relevant to the investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-17
Article 80(1)(c) empowers the
DFSA to require production of original documents or copies. Whether original or copy documents are required by theDFSA will be determined taking into account the facts and circumstances of the investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-18
When exercising its Article 80(1)(c) power, the
DFSA may retain possession of any original document for so long as is necessary for the investigation to which the notice relates. When aPerson is unable to produce documents in compliance with a requirement made by theDFSA , theDFSA may require thePerson to state, to the best of thatPerson's knowledge or belief, where the documents may be found and who last had possession, custody or control of those documents.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-19
The
DFSA will allow a reasonable period of time for compliance with the requirement to produce documents. The reasonableness of the requirement will depend upon the circumstances of each case. TheDFSA may, in some circumstances, require the production of documents straightaway, where the giving of prior notice may prejudice the investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionCompulsory Interview
RPP 5-5-20
Article 80(1)(d) empowers the
DFSA to require aPerson (the interviewee) to attend before an officer, employee or agent of theDFSA (the interviewer) for a compulsory interview to provide oral evidence relevant to an investigation it is conducting.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-21
During the course of an investigation, not all interviews will be conducted under compulsion. The
DFSA may, where appropriate, conduct voluntary interviews. The decision as to whether a compulsory or voluntary interview will be conducted will depend upon the circumstances of the particular case.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-22
A
Person attending a compulsory interview must first be served with a written notice requiring his attendance. An interviewee is not entitled to refuse or fail to answer a question on the basis that his answers may incriminate him or make him liable for a penalty.18
18 Article 82.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-23
A compulsory interview will be conducted in private and the interviewer may give directions19 to the interviewee regarding:
(a) who may be present during the interview;(b) swearing an oath, or giving an affirmation, that the answers provided will be true;(c) what, if any, information may be disclosed by the interviewee or any otherPerson present at the interview to any third party;(d) the conduct of anyPerson and the manner in which they will participate during the interview; and(e) answering any question which is relevant to the investigation.
19 Article 80(3).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-24
An interviewee is entitled to legal representation during the course of a compulsory or voluntary interview. At the conclusion of the interview, the lawyer will be permitted to address any issues with the interviewer or interviewee relevant to the investigation. However, the lawyer is not permitted to answer questions on behalf of the interviewee or obstruct the investigation.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-25
All compulsory interviews will be recorded. The
DFSA will, upon a written request from the interviewee at the conclusion of the interview, provide the interviewee or his lawyer with a copy of the recording or a transcript of the interview. The provision of a recording or transcript may be subject to any reasonable conditions imposed by theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionAssistance
RPP 5-5-26
Article 80(1)(e) empowers the
DFSA to require aPerson to give it any assistance in relation to an investigation which thePerson is able to give.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-27
The
DFSA considers that providing assistance may include requiring aPerson to do a physical act or provide information to advance an investigation. For example, this may include the situation where theDFSA requires aPerson to provide assistance by commenting on the accuracy of a document or compiling information that had been stored in a different manner.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-28
The power under Article 80(1)(e) can be used independently, or in conjunction with, the exercise of other Article 80(1) powers. For example, the
DFSA can exercise its powers under Article 80(1)(d), to require aPerson to attend a compulsory interview and under Article 80(1)(e), to require the interviewee to provide reasonable assistance during the interview. For example, the interviewee may be required, during the interview, to draw a diagram, or locate and produce a document referred to in an answer to a question.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionConfidentiality
RPP 5-5-29
When carrying out its regulatory functions, the
DFSA must maintain confidentiality of information, unless disclosure is expressly sanctioned by Article 38. TheDFSA's Policy Statement with respect to Confidential Regulatory Information outlines its policy in respect of the treatment of information and documents.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-30
The
DFSA may also impose obligations of confidentiality in respect of information and documents provided during the exercise of its powers under Article 80(1).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-31
The
DFSA can make directions20 to protect the confidentiality of information and documents which are part of a compulsory interview.
20 Article 80(3)(b).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-32
The
DFSA can direct the recipient of an Article 80(1) (b), (c), (d) or (e) notice not to disclose the receipt of the notice, or any information relating to compliance with it, to any otherPerson , other than his legal representative, if it considers that such disclosure may hinder an investigation21.
21 Article 80A(6).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-33
Confidentiality directions are made to ensure that an investigation is not prejudiced by the disclosure of the nature of the information sought or the questions asked during an investigation. In each case, the
DFSA needs to consider whether or not such directions are appropriate in the circumstances of that matter.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionProtections
RPP 5-5-34
Parties who are required to comply with a requirement made by the
DFSA during the course of an investigation, andPersons who are the subject of an investigation, benefit from certain protections in theRegulatory Law , including:(a) Article 38, which provides that confidential information provided to theDFSA must not be disclosed except in certain limited circumstances;(b) Article 80A(2), which provides that where aPerson takes part in a compulsory interview, any statements made during the interview cannot be disclosed by theDFSA to a law enforcement agency for the purpose of criminal proceedings unless thePerson consents to the disclosure or theDFSA is required by law or court order to disclose the statement; and(c) Article 81, which ensures that aPerson who is required to comply with a requirement made during the course of an investigation cannot be subject to any liability or liable in any proceeding because of thatPerson's compliance with the requirement.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionClaims of Privilege and Other Protections
RPP 5-5-35
A claim by a
Person that information is aPrivileged Communication is not of itself an excuse for failing to comply with a requirement made by theDFSA during the course of an investigation.22
22 Article 82.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-36
A lawyer may refuse to comply with a requirement to provide information where to comply would require the lawyer to disclose a
Privileged Communication made by, to, or on behalf of, the lawyer in his capacity as a lawyer in relation to a client.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-37
Should a lawyer refuse to disclose a
Privileged Communication , the lawyer must disclose sufficient information to identify thePerson entitled to claim the privilege and the document which contains the privileged information. In such a case, theDFSA considers it appropriate for a lawyer to secure those documents, pending the resolution of any claim for privilege.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionEnforcement of the DFSA's Investigative Powers
RPP 5-5-38
The
DFSA will enforce compliance with its requirements, under Articles 73, 74 or 80, whenever there is less than full compliance by seeking orders in theDIFC Court .23
23 Article 84(1).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-39
Articles 84(1) and (2) empower the
DFSA to apply to theCourt for an injunction or the issue of a search warrant in order to enforce compliance with its requirements under Articles 73, 74 or 80. An application to theCourt for a search warrant will be made in circumstances where:(a) information or documents were required to be given or produced by the exercise of a compulsory power;(b) the documents or information required to be produced have not been given or produced; and(c) theDFSA has reasonable grounds to suspect that within the next three business days, the information or those documents are, or may be, on particular premises.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-40
Should the
Court exercise its discretion to issue a search warrant, it may be addressed to a named Dubai Police Officer together with any other individual, including aDFSA officer or third party, named in the warrant.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-41
The
DFSA may exercise its right to apply for a search warrant, rather than seeking compliance with its requirement through some other process (such as an injunction), only where it is satisfied that:(a) the preconditions in Article 84(2) for the issue of a warrant are met;(b) theDFSA considers it necessary or desirable to seek the assistance of the Dubai Police;(c) there does not appear to be a legitimate basis for non-compliance; and(d) in the absence of the execution of a search warrant, the information or documents sought may be removed or destroyed or otherwise not made available.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-42
Any material seized by officers of the
DFSA pursuant to a search warrant issued under Article 84 may be dealt with by theDFSA as if the material had been produced to it under a notice to produce documents.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionObstruction of the DFSA
RPP 5-5-43
A
Person must not, without reasonable excuse, engage in conduct that is intended to obstruct theDFSA in the exercise of its investigative powers by any means including, but not limited to, the following:(a) the destruction of documents;(b) the failure to give or produce information or documents specified by theDFSA ;(c) the failure to attend before theDFSA at a specified time and place to answer questions;(d) the giving of information that is false or misleading; or(e) the failure to give any assistance in relation to an investigation which thePerson is able to give24.
24 Article 83.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-44
Any breach of Article 83 will be regarded seriously by the
DFSA and appropriate action will be taken.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionReturn of Information and Documents
RPP 5-5-45
Where the
DFSA 25 has obtained originals of information or documents during the course of an investigation, theDFSA will usually return such information or documents to thePerson , from whom the information and documents were received, as soon as practicable after the conclusion of the investigation or related proceedings.
25Article 80A(3).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-5-46
Where information or documents have been produced to the
DFSA in the course of an investigation to assist another regulator or agency, theDFSA may26 release the information or documents to that other regulator or agency. The information and documents will usually be returned to thePerson , from whom the information and documents were received, as soon as practicable after receiving them back from the other regulator or agency.
26Article 38.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6 RPP 5-6 Remedies
RPP 5-6-1
At the conclusion of an investigation, the
DFSA may:(a) take no further action;(b) commence a settlement negotiation;(c) accept a settlement;(d) accept an enforceable undertaking;27(e) seek to have the matter referred to a decision-maker (see Chapter 7);(f) commenceCourt proceedings;28(g) exercise a power on behalf of another regulator;29 and(h) delegate a power to another regulator.30
27Article 89.
28Articles 84, 92, 93, 94 and 95.
29Article 39.
30Article 40.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6-2
There are a range of remedies which the
DFSA may pursue to achieve its objectives and theDFSA may, in any matter, pursue more than one remedy. The types of remedies, along with an indication of theDFSA's approach to the use of these remedies, are set out in sections 5-7 to 5-18 of this chapter and in chapter 4.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6-3
The Decision Making Committee (DMC) is an internal committee of the
DFSA established to consider and make certain regulatory decisions of theDFSA . For more information on the DMC see section 7-7 in chapter 7.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6-4
Whilst not an exhaustive list, the
DFSA may refer a matter for determination to the DMC for the:(a) imposition of a fine;31(b) imposition of a censure;19(c) imposition of conditions or restrictions on aLicence or in relation to aLicence endorsement;32(d) withdrawal of an authorisation under, or endorsement on, aLicence ;33(e) withdrawal of aLicence ;34(f) imposition of conditions or restrictions on anAuthorised Individual orKey Individual ;35(g) restriction or suspension of anAuthorised Individual orKey Individual , or the withdrawal of his or her authorisation;36(h) withdrawal of the registration of aDNFBP ;(i) revocation of recognition;(j) appointment of a manager;37 or(k) withdrawal or suspension of the registration of aRegistered Auditor orAudit Principal ;38
31 Article 90.
32 Article 49.
33 Article 50.
34 Article 51.
35 Article 56.
36 Article 58.
37 Article 88.
38 Article 98A.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6-5
When the
DFSA uses a power specified in sections 5-7 to 5-9 in this chapter, it will follow the decision making procedures set out in Schedule 3 of theRegulatory Law . See also chapter 7 of the RPP regarding theDFSA's decision making process.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6-6
When the
DFSA uses a power specified in sections 5-10 to 5-18 in this chapter, it will follow the procedures set out in the relevant section.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-6-7
The
DFSA does not have criminal jurisdiction. Should criminal conduct be identified, then it will be referred to the appropriate law enforcement agency.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-7 RPP 5-7 Appointment of Managers
RPP 5-7-1
Under Article 88, the
DFSA may require anAuthorised Person to appoint one or more individuals to act as a manager of the business of thePerson on such terms as theDFSA may stipulate. Such individuals must be nominated or approved by theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-7-2
The types of circumstances in which the
DFSA may exercise this power are set out in Article 88(3). For example, theDFSA may require anAuthorised Person to appoint a manager where it has concerns about the solvency or the level of compliance with prudential requirements of anAuthorised Person .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-7-3
An
Authorised Person may receive an opportunity to make representations prior to being required to appoint a manager in accordance with the procedures set out in Schedule 3 of theRegulatory Law . However, in circumstances of urgency, theDFSA may not give advance notice of the proposed requirement and may not provide the relevantAuthorised Person with the opportunity to make representations prior to the imposition of the requirement.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-7-4
When the
DFSA does require anAuthorised Person to appoint a manager, it will do so in writing, setting out:(a) that theAuthorised Person is required to appoint a manager;(b) the time by which such manager must be appointed;(c) the reasons for theAuthorised Person being required to appoint a manager;(d) the individual nominated by theDFSA to be the manager or the process by which approval may be given by theDFSA ; and(e) the fact that theAuthorised Person may have the decision reviewed by theFinancial Markets Tribunal .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-7-5
The
DFSA recognises that the use of its Article 88 power to appoint a manager is likely to have a significant impact on anAuthorised Person . Accordingly, theDFSA is likely to exercise such power only in exceptional circumstances.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-7-6
In considering whether a manager should be appointed, the
DFSA will take into consideration all relevant circumstances including, but not limited to, the following matters:(a) the nature and extent of the business of theAuthorised Person ;(b) the nature of theDFSA's concerns in relation to theAuthorised Person and whether they affect, or have the potential to affect, theDFSA's objectives;(c) whether theDFSA's concerns in relation to theAuthorised Person may be addressed by the appointment of a manager;(d) where theDFSA considers it necessary to protect regulated entities and customers in theDIFC ;(e) whether an appropriately qualified manager may be available and willing to undertake the appointment;(f) the likely duration of the appointment; and(g) the likely impact of costs associated with the appointment of a manager.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-8 RPP 5-8 Fines
RPP 5-8-1
The
DFSA may seek to impose a fine under Article 90 on aPerson whom it considers has contravened a provision of the Law. TheDFSA may impose a fine in any amount considered appropriate.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-8-2
In determining whether to impose a fine and the quantum of the fine, the
DFSA will take into consideration the circumstances of the conduct and will be guided by the penalty guidance set out in chapter 6 of the RPP.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-8-3
The decision to impose a fine on a
Person will be made by the DMC.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-8-4
Prior to making a decision, the DMC will follow the procedures set out in Schedule 3 of the
Regulatory Law (see also chapter 7 of the RPP).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-8-5
If a
Person receives a notice imposing a fine and does not pay the full amount of the fine, theDFSA may recover so much of the fine as remains outstanding as a debt due, together with costs incurred by theDFSA in recovering such amount.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-9 RPP 5-9 Censures
RPP 5-9-1
The
DFSA may, under Article 90, seek to censure aPerson whom it considers has contravened a provision of the Law and Rules it administers.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-9-2
The decision to censure a
Person will be made by the DMC. Prior to making a decision, the DMC will follow the procedures set out in Schedule 3 of theRegulatory Law (see chapter 7 of the RPP).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-9-3
In determining whether to censure a
Person , theDFSA will take into consideration the circumstances of the conduct and will be guided by the penalty guidance set out in section 6-3 of this sourcebook.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-10 RPP 5-10 Injunctions and Orders
RPP 5-10-1
The
DFSA has a broad power to make an application to theCourt for injunctive relief and other orders (Article 92). TheDFSA may seek orders including, but not limited to:(a) an order restraining aPerson that is engaging in conduct that would constitute a contravention of the Law;(b) an order requiring aPerson to do an act or thing to remedy a contravention or to minimise loss or damage; or(c) any other order as theCourt sees fit, including an order restraining the transfer of assets or the movement of individuals.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-10-2
In deciding whether an application for an injunction or other order is appropriate in any given case, the
DFSA will consider all relevant circumstances including, but not limited to, the following matters:(a) the nature, seriousness and impact of the contravention and whether the contravention is on-going;(b) whether the contravention affects, or has the potential to affect, theDFSA's objectives;(c) whether any party who may have suffered some detriment as a result of the contravention is able to take their own remedial action;(d) where theDFSA considers it necessary to protect regulated entities and customers in theDIFC ;(e) whether there is a danger of assets being dissipated or removed from the jurisdiction of theCourt ;(f) whether there is a danger that thePerson orPersons may leave the jurisdiction and, if so, the effect that their absence may have on the effectiveness of theCourt's orders;(g) the costs theDFSA would incur in applying for and enforcing an injunction or other orders and the likely effectiveness of such an injunction or other order;(h) the disciplinary record and compliance history of thePerson ;(i) whether a suitable remedy is available;(j) the extent to which another law enforcement agency orFinancial Services Regulator can adequately address the matter and, if so, that body's attitude to the matter; and(k) whether there is information to suggest that thePerson who is the subject of the possible application is or has been involved in money laundering, terrorist financing or other form of financial crime or criminal conduct.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-11 RPP 5-11 Civil Proceedings
RPP 5-11-1
Article 94 provides that where a
Person has:(a) intentionally, recklessly or negligently committed a breach of duty, requirement, prohibition, obligation or responsibility imposed under the Law; or(b) committed fraud or other dishonest conduct in connection with the matter arising under the Law;the
Person is liable to compensate any otherPerson for any loss or damage caused to that otherPerson as a result of such conduct.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-11-2
Article 94(2) provides that the
Court may, on application of theDFSA , or of aPerson who has suffered the loss or damage, make orders for the recovery of damages or for compensation or for the recovery of property or other order as theCourt sees fit, except where such liability is excluded under the Law and Rules administered by theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-11-3
Article 94 gives the
DFSA , and any aggrievedPersons , broad powers to make application for recovery of damages and other orders where there has been an identified contravention of the Laws and Rules administered by theDFSA . An aggrievedPerson may exercise rights provided under Article 94 independently of, or contemporaneously with, theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-11-4
The
DFSA may decide not to commence proceedings in every case where there may have been a relevant contravention. This does not, however, prevent any aggrievedPerson from commencing his own proceedings.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-11-5
In determining whether to commence proceedings, the
DFSA will take into account all relevant circumstances. It is not possible to provide an exhaustive list of the circumstances that may be taken into account, as they may depend on the facts of the particular matter. However, the following list indicates some of those matters that may be considered:(a) the nature, seriousness and impact of the suspected contravention and whether the alleged contravention is on-going;(b) whether the conduct and contravention affects, or has the potential to affect, theDFSA objectives;(c) whether any party who may have suffered some detriment as a result of the alleged contravention is able to take his own remedial action;(d) in circumstances where more than onePerson has suffered loss or damage:(i) the number of those that have suffered loss or damage and the amount of loss or damage involved; and(ii) whether it is convenient or possible for a class of aggrievedPersons to run a proceeding;(e) the cost that theDFSA would incur in applying for or enforcing any order that it is successful in obtaining;(f) whether the conduct in question can be adequately addressed by the use of other regulatory powers;(g) whether there is information to suggest that thePerson is or has been, involved in money laundering, terrorist financing or other form of financial crime or criminal conduct; and(h) whether theDFSA has a reasonable prospect of success in the relevant proceedings.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-12 RPP 5-12 The Compulsory Winding Up of a Regulated Entity
RPP 5-12-1
The
DFSA may apply to theCourt for the winding up of a company which is, or has been, anAuthorised Person , or operating in breach of the Financial Services Prohibition, where it considers it is just and equitable and in the interests of theDIFC 39.
39 Article 93.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-12-2
In deciding whether such an application is just and equitable and in the interests of the
DIFC , theDFSA will consider all relevant circumstances, including but not limited to, the following matters:(a) the need to protect the company'sClients , particularly in cases where anAuthorised Firm holds or controlsClient Assets ;(b) whether the company has operated in accordance with the laws of theDIFC ;(c) where the company has contravened the Law, the nature, seriousness and impact of the contravention and whether the contravention is on-going;(d) where the company has contravened the Law, whether any alleged contravention affects, or has the potential to affect, theDFSA objectives;(e) where the company has contravened the Law, whether there are any other steps aPerson could take or other orders aCourt could make to remedy any contravention;(f) whether the needs of those operating in theDIFC and the interests of theDIFC are best served by the company ceasing to operate;(g) in the case of anAuthorised Firm , where theDFSA considers that itsLicence should be withdrawn or where it has been withdrawn, the extent to which there is other business that the firm carries on without authorisation;(h) whether there is information to suggest that the company is or has been involved in money laundering, terrorist financing or other form of financial crime or other criminal conduct;(i) where there is a significant cross-border or international element to the business being carried on by the company, the impact on the business in other jurisdictions and whether another law enforcement agency orFinancial Services Regulator can adequately address the matter and, if so, that body's attitude to the matter;(j) the extent to which the company has cooperated, and is likely to continue to cooperate, with theDFSA ; and(k) the nature of the involvement of the officers of a company in the foregoing and whether this suggests a systemic failure within the company.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-13 RPP 5-13 Markets Law — Orders in the Interests of the DIFC
RPP 5-13-1
Article 68 of the Markets Law 2012 provides that the
Court , on application by theDFSA , may make one of a range of orders in relation to aPerson , irrespective of whether a contravention has occurred, if it is satisfied that it is in the interests of theDIFC for such an order to be made.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-13-2
The
DFSA may seek orders from theCourt , including, but not limited to:(a) an order that trading in anyInvestments cease permanently or for such period as is specified in the order;(b) an order that a disclosure be made to the market;(c) an order that aPerson is prohibited from making offers ofSecurities in or from theDIFC ; or(d) an order that aPerson is prohibited from being involved inReporting Entities ,Listed Funds orSecurities within theDIFC .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-13-3
Before the
DFSA can make an application for an order (whether interim, ex parte or final), theDFSA must be satisfied that such an order would be in the interests of theDIFC and will take into account all relevant circumstances, including, but not limited to, the following:(a) the nature and extent of the conduct or any other matters in question;(b) the effect of the conduct or any other matters on the market and theDFSA's objectives;(c) whether the market is currently informed of all material information;(d) what steps the relevantPerson has taken in respect of the conduct or any other matters being considered;(e) whether any other form of relief is available to theDFSA or appropriate in the circumstances;(f) whether the relevant conduct or any other matters could have a significant impact on the integrity of theDIFC market or the confidence in that market; and(g) the effect of the conduct or any other matters on the interests of participants in theDIFC .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-14 RPP 5-14 Intervention Power
RPP 5-14-1
Article 95 empowers the
DFSA to intervene as a party in any proceeding in theCourt where it considers such intervention appropriate to meet the objectives of theDFSA . Where theDFSA intervenes, it shall be subject to any other law, and have all the rights, duties and liabilities of such a party.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-14-2
This provision does not affect the ability of the
DFSA to seek leave to appear in proceedings as amicus curiae (i.e. someone not a party to a case, who volunteers to offer information to assist a court in deciding a matter before it), to make submissions on an issue of significance to theDIFC , or to place material before theCourt that may otherwise not be available.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-14-3
The
DFSA will generally only exercise this right of intervention where it forms the view that it will not be able to meet its objectives by simply appearing as amicus curiae and that, to serve the interests of theDIFC fully, it is necessary to join the proceeding as a party and stay involved in the matter throughout.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-15 RPP 5-15 Settlement Guidance
RPP 5-15-1
A settlement is a resolution, between the
DFSA and aPerson who is subject to potential enforcement action, to agree an outcome resulting from an investigation. APerson who is or may be the subject of any form of enforcement action arising out of, or during the course of, an investigation may enter into settlement discussions with theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-15-2
Settlement discussions are possible at any stage of the enforcement process, either before or after enforcement action has commenced. However, to be eligible for a discount on the amount of a financial penalty, settlement must be agreed within the period specified by the DFSA (see section 6-8). When considering whether or not to enter into negotiations for settlement, or a settlement agreement, the
DFSA will consider its objectives.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-3
The
DFSA generally considers that settlement of an investigation advances its objectives in that it may result in, for example, consumers obtaining compensation sooner, the saving ofDFSA and industry resources, and the promotion of good business and regulatory practices.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-4
The
DFSA's general view is that settlement discussions should take place as early as possible. However, theDFSA will only be able to settle when it is confident it has sufficient understanding of the nature and gravity of the suspected misconduct to make a reasonable assessment of the appropriate outcome.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-15-5
The
DFSA conducts settlement discussions on a "without prejudice" basis; namely, that no party to the discussions may subsequently rely upon any admissions or statements made during the course of the settlement discussion or on any document recording those discussions.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-15-6
The
DFSA will only settle when the agreed terms result in what theDFSA considers to be an appropriate regulatory outcome.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-15-7
Settlement in particular circumstances should not be regarded as binding precedent for future settlement discussions.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-8
Where appropriate, the
DFSA will provide the other party to a settlement discussion with copies of relevant material which it has relied upon in making findings in an investigation. However, some information may not be provided at the settlement stage. This would include information which is privileged, or information which theDFSA does not have the right or authority to disclose to the other party, such as information provided to theDFSA in confidence by another regulator.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionSettlement Decision Makers
RPP 5-15-9
The process for reaching a settled outcome is different to the process for the DFSA to exercise formally a discretionary power. For example, most of the DFSA’s formal decision making policy in chapter 7 of RPP and many of the requirements in Schedule 3 to the Regulatory Law do not apply.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-10
The decision about whether to accept a settlement offer will be taken by a senior member of DFSA staff who has not been directly involved in establishing the evidence on which the decision to take the action is based. That person is referred to as a Settlement Decision Maker.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-11
Settlement Decision Makers will generally come from the same pool of staff as persons who may be on a Decision Making Committee (DMC) (see section 7-7). The DMC is the DFSA’s decision maker for enforcement decisions in cases that have not been resolved through settlement. If a Settlement Decision Maker has been involved in considering a matter which ultimately does not result in agreement, then that person will generally not be a member of the DMC for that matter.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-12
The case team will conduct the settlement negotiations with the Person(s) concerned. If agreement is reached, the case team will recommend to the Settlement Decision Maker that the settlement be approved. It will be for the Settlement Decision Maker to decide, on behalf of the DFSA, whether to accept the settlement on the agreed terms. If approved, the agreed terms will then be included in the appropriate form of settlement as set out in the following paragraphs.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionForm of Settlement
RPP 5-15-13
The
DFSA will generally only settle an enforcement matter on the basis of either:(a) a notice of decision setting out the action taken (see 5-15-14); or(b) an Enforceable Undertaking (EU) (see 5-15-15).In appropriate cases, the
DFSA may settle a matter on the basis of both a notice of decision and an EU. Any settlement entered into by theDFSA , which results in a notice of decision, will be documented in the form of a legally enforceable agreement executed by all parties.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionNotice of Decision
RPP 5-15-14
When the
DFSA agrees to settle an enforcement matter, the outcome of the settlement may result in an agreed notice of decision. The issue of such a notice promotes consistency of regulatory outcomes and transparency of approach to enforcement decision making.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionEnforceable Undertakings
RPP 5-15-15
An EU is a written promise, made under Article 89, to do or refrain from doing a specified act or acts. It is an alternative mechanism for addressing the
DFSA's concerns, including regulating contraventions of the Law. It may, amongst other things, include remedial actions that are not otherwise available under a notice of decision.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 28th January 2016). February 2016 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionAcceptance of an Enforceable Undertaking
RPP 5-15-16
An EU may be given by a
Person and accepted by theDFSA at any time, either before, during or after an investigation, the making of a decision or the commencement of litigation or proceedings in theCourt . TheDFSA does not have the power to require aPerson to enter into an EU nor can aPerson compel theDFSA to accept an EU. This does not mean, however, that theDFSA cannot propose an EU to aPerson , during the course of settlement negotiations, or provide aPerson with a draft EU to provide guidance as to the terms of an EU that theDFSA would be willing to accept.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-17
The
DFSA may accept an EU that it considers necessary or desirable in pursuit of its objectives. Article 89 does not prescribe a particular structure or format to an EU or the circumstances in which an EU would be acceptable to theDFSA . TheDFSA will consider all the relevant circumstances of a matter when deciding whether to accept an EU including whether other regulatory tools, for example a notice of decision, might achieve a more appropriate outcome in the particular matter. However, in the context of an enforcement matter, theDFSA will generally only accept an EU that:(a) contains an admission or acknowledgement of any contraventions of the Law or theDFSA's concerns;(b) contains undertakings that address theDFSA's concerns; and(c) contains an agreement to make the EU public, and an agreement not to make public statements that conflict with the spirit of the EU.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 28th January 2016). February 2016 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-18
A
Person offering an EU to theDFSA may also undertake in the EU to pay a pecuniary penalty and/or theDFSA's costs, including any costs associated with compliance with the EU.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-15-19
An EU will not take effect until it is formally accepted by the
Chief Executive of theDFSA or his delegate.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionVariation or Withdrawal
RPP 5-15-20
Once accepted by the
DFSA , an EU can only be withdrawn or varied with the consent of theDFSA in writing. TheDFSA will only consider a request to vary an undertaking if:(a) the variation will not alter the spirit of the original undertaking;(b) compliance with any one or more terms of the undertaking is subsequently found to be impractical or impossible; or(c) there has been a material change in the circumstances which led to the undertaking being given.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionCompliance with an EU or Decision
RPP 5-15-21
If the
DFSA considers that aPerson has not complied with a term of the EU or a decision, theDFSA may apply to theCourt for appropriate orders. TheDFSA may publish the fact of the application to theCourt and any subsequent orders of theCourt . TheDFSA will also seek the costs of the application.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-16 RPP 5-16 Costs
RPP 5-16-1
The
DFSA will generally seek litigation costs orders from theCourt where it has commenced a proceeding and been successful in achieving all or part of the outcome sought.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-16-2
Where a
Person is found by theFMT or theCourt to have contravened a provision of the Law, theFMT orCourt may order40 thatPerson to reimburse theDFSA in respect of the whole or a specified part of the costs and expenses of the investigation, including the remuneration of an officer involved in the investigation.
40 Article 79(2).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionUndertakings as to Damages
RPP 5-16-3
Under Article 47(1) of the
Court Law, theCourt shall not require theDFSA to give an undertaking as to damages as a condition for granting an injunction or any order made under DIFC Law. In making any order theCourt shall not take into account, in determining the merits of an application for the injunction, that theDFSA has not given an undertaking as to damages.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionEnforcement of Orders
RPP 5-16-4
The
DFSA will do all things necessary and, where appropriate, commence relevant actions to ensure full compliance with any orders of theFMT or of theCourt which arise out of an investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-16-5
In particular, Article 90(10) provides that the
DFSA may apply to theCourt for recovery, as a debt due, of so much of a fine as is not paid by a party together with costs. Further, in appropriate circumstances, theDFSA may apply to theCourt for the winding up of a body corporate.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17 RPP 5-17 Publicity
RPP 5-17-1
This section describes how the
DFSA may comment publicly on investigations, enforcement actions and other formal regulatory decisions41, subject to any independent determinations by theFinancial Markets Tribunal (FMT) orCourt .
41 In the remainder of the section we refer to 'enforcement actions', for brevity. Formal regulatory decisions are those that are made by the
DFSA and are reviewable by theFinancial Markets Tribunal .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionGeneral Policy on Publicity of Enforcement Actions
RPP 5-17-2
The
DFSA will generally publish, in such form and manner as it regards appropriate, information and statements relating to enforcement actions, including censures and any other matters which theDFSA considers relevant to the conduct. The publication of enforcement outcomes is consistent with theDFSA's commitment to open and transparent processes and its objectives.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-3
In all cases the
DFSA retains the discretion to take a different course of action, where it furthers theDFSA's achievement of its objectives or is otherwise in the public interest to do so. For example, theDFSA may decide to publish at an earlier stage than suggested by the general policy, where circumstances justify this.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionCommencement and Conclusion of Investigations
RPP 5-17-4
The
DFSA generally will not publish information about the commencement, conduct or conclusion of the investigative phase of its enforcement actions.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-5
Where the
DFSA has published the fact that it is conducting an investigation and no enforcement action results, theDFSA may issue a press release confirming the conclusion of the investigation and that no action is to be taken.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-6
The
DFSA expects not to publish information about referrals to the DMC.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionCommencement of Proceedings
The Decision Making Committee (DMC)
RPP 5-17-7
The DMC will generally be the decision maker for enforcement decisions under Article 90 of the
Regulatory Law . Information about matters before the DMC (e.g. a Preliminary Notice) is not normally published prior to a notice of decision being given to a Person (see RPP 5-17-9 to 5-17-11). Reasons for this include:(a) representations in regard to a matter before the DMC are confidential and made in private;(b) DMC meetings, if any, are held in private; and(c) the release of information by the DMC prior to a full and complete consideration of all representations and facts may be contrary to theDFSA's objectives or not in the public interest.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionFMT or a court
RPP 5-17-8
The
DFSA expects to publish appropriate information about the commencement or hearing of proceedings before theFMT or court, unless otherwise ordered by theFMT or court.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionDisclosure of Decisions
DMC
RPP 5-17-9
The
DFSA will generally make public any decision made by the DMC, and will do so in a timely manner after any relevant period to institute a referral of the decision to theFMT has expired or when a matter is referred to the FMT (see RPP 15-17-11).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-17-10
[deleted]
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 5-17-11
If the affected
Person exercises its right of referral then, as required by Article 29 of the Regulatory Law, theDFSA will publish appropriate information about the decision which has been referred to the FMT unless publication would, in the DFSA’s opinion, be prejudicial to the interests of the DIFC or the FMT has made an order that such information should not be published. When the referral has been heard and determined, or the FMT proceedings have otherwise come to an end, theDFSA expects to publish information about the outcome of those proceedings (subject only to theFMT ordering otherwise — see 5-17-12).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionFMT or a court decision
RPP 5-17-12
The
Regulatory Law requires allFMT hearings to be heard in public unless theFMT orders otherwise or its rules of procedure provide otherwise. TheFMT may exercise its discretion not to make public any decisions it may make. Where it does determine to publish a decision or interim decision, theFMT will publish these on theDFSA website. Following hearings and decisions by theFMT , theDFSA expects to make timely public disclosure of theFMT's decisions, including any interim decisions, unless otherwise ordered.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-13
Decisions made by the courts will be published by the
DFSA in a timely manner, unless ordered otherwise.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-14
This approach is adopted on the basis that any delay in disclosure may hinder and unfairly prejudice the
DFSA in achieving some of its primary objectives. For example, non-disclosure may potentially prejudice users and prospective users of financial services in theDIFC if they are acting unaware of facts known in the enforcement action.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionDisclosure of Settled Enforcement Actions
RPP 5-17-15
The
DFSA expects to disclose publicly the outcome of any settlement of an enforcement action, including the notice of decision or EU, to ensure all stakeholders and the general public are clearly informed as to the outcome. Settlement agreements which result in a notice of decision or EU will result in the publication of the relevant notice of decision or EU on theDFSA website as well as an associated press release.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-16
The
DFSA may be ordered, or required by law, not to publish information regarding a settlement. For example, disclosure may not occur if a third party has commenced proceedings in the courts in respect of the same conduct and the publication of the undertaking or settlement may prejudice that party's case in the courts. However, simply because a third party has commenced proceedings does not preclude theDFSA from publishing its settlements, including the notice of decision or EU.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionDisclosure of Information about Certain Temporary Suspensions
RPP 5-17-17
The
DFSA will not generally publish information about temporary suspensions imposed under Article 58(5) or Article 98A(5),42 when an investigation is ongoing. However, theDFSA retains discretion to publicise such a suspension if it is considered appropriate.
42 That is, suspensions of
Authorised Individuals ,Key Individuals ,Registered Auditors orAudit Principals pending completion of an investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionContent of Publication
RPP 5-17-18
The
DFSA will generally make appropriate disclosures when publishing notices of decision, EUs proceedings before, and decisions of theFMT or a court.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-17-19
The
DFSA will take into consideration any privileged or sensitive information when considering the content of its publications. In doing so, it will also consider the possibility that any publication may also potentially affect the rights of a third party and, if so, will endeavour to give that third party an opportunity to make representations on the publication.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionMode of Publication
RPP 5-17-20
Publication may take any one or more forms including, for example, a media release, a statement on the
DFSA website, and any other suitable forums as determined by theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-18 RPP 5-18 Maintenance of Registers
RPP 5-18-1
The
DFSA is also required to publish and maintain a register43 of:(a) grants, withdrawals and suspensions ofLicences ,Licence endorsements and authorisations ofAuthorised Persons ,Authorised Individuals andKey Individuals ;(b) allPersons who are the subject of action taken under Article 58(1) and Article 59;(c) current and past registrations ofDNFBPs ; and(d) current and past registrations, withdrawals and suspensions of registrations ofRegistered Auditors andAudit Principals .
43 Article 62.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-18-2
The
DFSA is not required to publish information on the Register about temporary suspensions imposed under Article 58(5) or Article 98A(5).32 See 5-17-17 for theDFSA's general policy regarding publicising such suspensions.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-19 RPP 5-19 Conclusion of an Investigation
RPP 5-19-1
The
DFSA will conclude an investigation when:(a) it determines to take no further action in response to the suspected contraventions of the Law and Rules subject of the investigation; and(b) all remedies and obligations resulting from an investigation are concluded and fulfilled.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 5-19-2
The
DFSA may determine to take no further action in respect of the suspected contraventions that are the subject of an investigation due to insufficiency of evidence or in circumstances where pursuing an enforcement action in respect of the suspected contraventions would not accord with theDFSA's objectives.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP Appendix 1 — The Enforcement Process
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 6 RPP 6 Penalty Guidance
RPP 6-1 RPP 6-1 DFSA's Approach to Imposing a Penalty
RPP 6-1-1
This chapter sets out the matters that will be taken into account by the
DFSA Executive when determining a "penalty", which includes a "financial penalty" or a "public censure".Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-1-2
The
DFSA may also refer to this section when determining an appropriate penalty in settlement agreements, including anEnforceable Undertaking .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-1-3
Where the
DFSA considers that aPerson has contravened a provision of any legislation administered by theDFSA , it may impose a penalty on suchPerson , including:(a) anAuthorised Person ,DNFBP orRegistered Auditor (collectively referred to as "firms" in this chapter unless otherwise stated); and(b) anAuthorised Individual ,Principal Representative ,Key Individual ,Persons Undertaking Key Control Functions ,Audit Principal , or "senior management" for the purposes of theAML Module (collectively referred to as "Key Persons" in this chapter unless otherwise stated).Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-2 RPP 6-2 Deciding to Take Action
RPP 6-2-1
When determining a penalty, the
DFSA will consider all relevant facts and circumstances. Set out below is a list of factors that may be relevant for this purpose. The list is not exhaustive: not all of these factors may be applicable in a particular case, and there may be other factors, not listed, that are relevant. The factors include:(a) theDFSA's objectives;(b) the deterrent effect of the penalty on:(i)Persons that have committed or may commit the contraventions; and(ii) otherPersons that have committed or may commit similar contraventions;(c) the nature, seriousness and impact of the contravention, including whether the contravention was deliberate or reckless;(d) if the contravention involved a number ofPersons , the degree of involvement and specific role of eachPerson ;(e) the benefit gained (whether direct or indirect, pecuniary or non-pecuniary) or loss avoided as a result of the contravention;(f) the conduct of the Person after the contravention;(g) the difficulty in detecting and investigating the contravention that is the subject of the penalty;(h) whether the Person committed the contravention in such a way as to avoid or reduce the risk that the contravention would be discovered. APerson's incentive to commit a contravention may be greater where the contravention is, by its nature, harder to detect. TheDFSA may impose a more significant penalty where it considers that aPerson committed a contravention in such a way as to avoid or reduce the risk that the contravention would be discovered;(i) the disciplinary record and compliance history of thePerson on whom the penalty is imposed;(j) whether thePerson acted in accordance withDFSA guidance and other published materials. TheDFSA will not take action against aPerson for behaviour that it considers to be in line with guidance or other materials published by theDFSA in support of itsRulebook andSourcebook which were current at the time of the behaviour in question;(k) action taken by theDFSA in previous similar cases; and(l) action taken by other domestic or international regulatory authorities. Where other regulatory authorities propose to take action in respect of the contravention which is under consideration by theDFSA , or one similar to it, theDFSA will consider whether the other authority's action would be adequate to address the DFSA's concerns, or whether it would be appropriate for theDFSA to take its own action.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionActions against Key Persons
RPP 6-2-2
In addition to the general factors in paragraph 6-2-1, there are some additional considerations that may be relevant when the
DFSA decides whether to take action against aKey Person . The list is not exhaustive: not all of these factors may be applicable in a particular case, and there may be other factors, not listed that are relevant. The factors include:(a) theKey Person's position and responsibilities. The more senior theKey Person responsible for the misconduct, the more seriously theDFSA is likely to view the misconduct, and the more likely it is to take action against theKey Person ; and(b) whether disciplinary action against the firm rather than theKey Person would be a more appropriate regulatory response.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-2-3 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-3 RPP 6-3 Financial Penalty or Public Censure
RPP 6-3-1
The
DFSA will consider all the relevant circumstances of the case when deciding whether to impose a financial penalty or issue a public censure. As such, the factors set out in section 6-2 are not exhaustive. Not all of the factors may be relevant in a particular case and there may be other factors, not listed, that are relevant.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-3-2
The criteria for determining whether it is appropriate to issue a public censure rather than impose a financial penalty include those factors that the
DFSA will consider in determining the amount of a financial penalty set out in sections 6-5 to 6-7. Some particular considerations that may be relevant when theDFSA determines whether to issue a public censure rather than impose a financial penalty are:(a) whether or not deterrence may be effectively achieved by issuing a public censure;(b) depending upon the nature and seriousness of the contravention:(i) whether thePerson has brought the contravention to the attention of theDFSA ;(ii) whether thePerson has admitted the contravention and provides full and immediate co-operation to theDFSA , and takes steps to ensure that those who have suffered loss due to the contravention are fully compensated for those losses;(c) theDFSA's approach in similar previous cases: theDFSA will seek to achieve a consistent approach to its decisions on whether to impose a financial penalty or issue a public censure; and(d) the impact on thePerson concerned. It would only be in an exceptional case that theDFSA would be prepared to agree to issue a public censure rather than impose a financial penalty if a financial penalty would otherwise be the appropriate sanction. Examples of such exceptional cases could include:(i) where the application of theDFSA's policy on serious financial hardship (set out in section 6-7) results in a financial penalty being reduced to zero;(ii) where there is verifiable evidence that thePerson would be unable to meet other regulatory requirements, particularly financial resource requirements, if theDFSA imposed a financial penalty at an appropriate level; or(iii) where there is the likelihood of a severe adverse impact on a Person's shareholders or a consequential impact on market confidence or market stability if a financial penalty were imposed. However, this does not exclude the imposition of a financial penalty even though this may have an impact on aPerson's shareholders.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-3-3
Some particular considerations that may be relevant when the
DFSA determines whether to issue a financial penalty rather than impose a public censure are:(a) if thePerson has made a profit or avoided a loss as a result of the contravention, on the basis that aPerson should not be permitted to benefit from its contravention;(b) if the contravention is more serious in nature or degree, on the basis that the sanction should reflect the seriousness of the contravention; other things being equal, the more serious the contravention, the more likely theDFSA is to impose a financial penalty; and(c) if thePerson has a poor disciplinary record or compliance history, on the basis that it may be particularly important to deter future cases.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-3-4 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-4 RPP 6-4 Determining the Appropriate Level of Financial Penalty
RPP 6-4-1
The
DFSA's penalty-setting regime is based on three principles:Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-4-2
The total amount payable by a
Person subject to enforcement action may be made up of two elements: (i) disgorgement of the benefit received as a result of the contravention; and (ii) a financial penalty reflecting the seriousness of the contravention. These elements are incorporated in a five-step framework, which can be summarised as follows:Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-4-3
The
DFSA recognises that a penalty must be proportionate to the contravention. These steps will apply in all cases, although the details of Steps 1 to 4 will differ for cases against firms (section 6-5), and cases against individuals (section 6-6).Derived from (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-4-4
The lists of factors and circumstances in sections 6-5 and 6-6 are not exhaustive. Not all of the factors or circumstances listed will necessarily be relevant in a particular case and there may be other factors or circumstances not listed which are relevant.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 28th January 2016). February 2016 EditionRPP 6-4-5
The
DFSA will not, in determining its policy with respect to the amount of penalties, take account of expenses which it incurs, or expects to incur, in discharging its functions.Derived from (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 28th January 2016). February 2016 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 6-4-3 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 6-4-4 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-4-4
The lists of factors and circumstances in sections 6-5 and 6-6 are not exhaustive. Not all of the factors or circumstances listed will necessarily be relevant in a particular case and there may be other factors or circumstances not listed which are relevant.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 28th January 2016). February 2016 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 6-4-6 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-4-7 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 6-4-8 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 6-4-9 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5 RPP 6-5 Financial Penalties Imposed on a Firm
Step 1: Disgorgement
RPP 6-5-1
The
DFSA will seek to deprive a firm of the economic benefits derived directly or indirectly from a contravention (which may include the profit made or loss avoided) where it is practicable to quantify this. TheDFSA will ordinarily also charge interest on the benefit from the date when the contravention occurred until the date of the final decision. Interest will be charged at a minimum rate of 1% over the three months Emirates Interbank Offer Rate (“EIBOR”), or at such other rate as the DFSA considers appropriate having regard to the prevailing market lending rates, at the time the contravention occurred. The maximum rate that will be charged is 12%.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionStep 2: The seriousness of the contravention
RPP 6-5-2
The
DFSA will determine a financial penalty figure that reflects the seriousness of the contravention. In determining such a figure, theDFSA will take into account various factors, which will usually fall into the following four categories:(a) factors relating to the impact of a contravention;(b) factors relating to the nature of a contravention;(c) factors tending to show whether a contravention was deliberate; and(d) factors tending to show whether a contravention was reckless.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5-3
Factors relating to the impact of a contravention committed by a firm include:
(a) the level of benefit gained or loss avoided, or intended to be gained or avoided, by the firm from the contravention, either directly or indirectly;(b) the loss or risk of loss, as a whole, caused to consumers, investors or other market users in general;(c) the loss or risk of loss caused to individual consumers, investors or other market users;(d) whether the contravention had an effect on particularly vulnerable people, whether intentionally or otherwise;(e) the inconvenience or distress caused to consumers; and(f) whether the contravention had an adverse effect on markets and, if so, how serious that effect was. This may include having regard to whether the orderliness of, or confidence in, the markets in question has been damaged or put at risk.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2013). July 2013 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5-4
Factors relating to the nature of a contravention by a firm include:
(a) the nature of the Laws or Rules contravened;(b) the frequency of the contravention;(c) whether the contravention revealed serious or systemic weaknesses in the firm's procedures or in the management systems or internal controls relating to all or part of the firm's business;(d) whether the firm's senior management were aware of the contravention;(e) the nature and extent of any financial crime facilitated, occasioned or otherwise attributable to the contravention;(f) the scope for any potential financial crime to be facilitated, occasioned or otherwise occur as a result of the contravention;(g) whether the firm failed to conduct its business with integrity; and(h) whether the firm, in committing the contravention, took any steps to comply with Laws and Rules, and the adequacy of those steps.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5-5
Factors tending to show the contravention was deliberate include:
(a) the contravention was intentional, in that the firm's senior management, or a responsible individual, intended, could reasonably have foreseen, or foresaw that the likely or actual consequences of their actions or inaction would result in a contravention;(b) the firm's senior management, or a responsible individual, knew that their actions were not in accordance with the firm's internal procedures;(c) the firm's senior management, or a responsible individual, sought to conceal their misconduct;(d) the firm's senior management, or a responsible individual, committed the contravention in such a way as to avoid or reduce the risk that the contravention would be discovered;(e) the firm's senior management, or a responsible individual, were influenced to commit the contravention by the belief that it would be difficult to detect; and(f) the contravention was repeated.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5-6
Factors tending to show the contravention was reckless include:
(a) the firm's senior management, or a responsible individual, appreciated that there was a risk that their actions or inaction could result in a contravention and failed adequately to mitigate that risk; and(b) the firm's senior management, or a responsible individual, were aware that there was a risk that their actions or inaction could result in a contravention but failed to check if they were acting in accordance with the firm's internal procedures.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionStep 3: Mitigating and aggravating factors
RPP 6-5-7
The
DFSA may increase or decrease the amount of the financial penalty arrived at after Step 2 (excluding any amount to be disgorged as set out in Step 1), to take into account factors which aggravate or mitigate the contravention. Any such adjustments will be made by way of a percentage adjustment to the figure determined at Step 2.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5-8
The following list of factors may have the effect of aggravating or mitigating the contravention:
(a) the conduct of the firm in bringing (or failing to bring) quickly, effectively and completely the contravention to theDFSA's attention (or the attention of other regulatory authorities, where relevant);(b) the degree of cooperation the firm showed during the investigation of the contravention by theDFSA , or any other regulatory authority allowed to share information with theDFSA ;(c) where the firm's senior management were aware of the contravention or of the potential for a contravention, whether they took any steps to stop the contravention, and when these steps were taken;(d) the nature, timeliness and adequacy of the firm's responses to any supervisory interventions by theDFSA and any remedial actions proposed or required byDFSA's supervisors;(e) whether the firm has arranged its resources in such a way as to allow or avoid disgorgement and/or payment of a financial penalty;(f) whether the firm had previously been told about theDFSA's concerns in relation to the issue, either by means of a private warning or in supervisory correspondence;(g) whether the firm had previously undertaken not to perform a particular act or engage in particular behaviour;(h) whether the firm concerned has complied with any requirements or rulings of another regulatory authority relating to the contravention;(i) the previous disciplinary record and general compliance history of the firm;(j) action taken against the firm by other domestic or international regulatory authorities that is relevant to the contravention in question;(k) whetherDFSA guidance or other published materials had al raised relevant concerns, and the nature and accessibility of such materials;(l) whether theDFSA publicly called for an improvement in standards in relation to the behaviour constituting the contravention or similar behaviour before or during the occurrence of the contravention; and(m) the treatment, if any, of a whistleblower involved in disclosing the contravention.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5-11 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionStep 4: Adjustment for deterrence
RPP 6-5-9
If the
DFSA considers the figure arrived at after Step 3 is insufficient to deter the firm who committed the contravention, or others, from committing further or similar contraventions then theDFSA may increase the financial penalty. Circumstances where theDFSA may do this include:(a) where theDFSA considers the absolute value of the financial penalty too small in relation to the contravention to meet its objective of credible deterrence;(b) where previousDFSA action in respect of similar contraventions has failed to improve industry standards. This may include similar contraventions relating to different products (for example, action for mis-selling or claims handling failures in respect of 'x' product may be relevant to a case for mis-selling or claims handling failures in respect of 'y' product);(c) where theDFSA considers it is likely that similar contraventions will be committed by the firm or by other firms in the future in the absence of such an increase to the financial penalty; and(d) where theDFSA considers that the likelihood of the detection of such a contravention is low.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionStep 5: Settlement discount
RPP 6-5-10
Section 6-8 provides that the amount of the financial penalty which might otherwise have been payable will be reduced to reflect the fact that the firm concerned reached an agreement with the DFSA. The settlement discount does not apply to the disgorgement of any benefit calculated at Step 1.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 Edition
Amended (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 6-5-12 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5-13 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5-14 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5-15 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5-16 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 6-5-17 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5-18 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5-19 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-5-20 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-6 RPP 6-6 Financial Penalties Imposed on an Individual
Step 1: Disgorgement
RPP 6-6-1
The
DFSA will seek to deprive an individual of the economic benefits derived directly or indirectly from the contravention (which may include the profit made or loss avoided) where it is possible to quantify this. TheDFSA will ordinarily also charge interest on the benefit from the date when the contravention occurred until the date of the final decision. Interest will be charged at a minimum rate of 1% over the three months “EIBOR”, or at such other rate as the DFSA considers appropriate having regard to the prevailing market lending rates, at the time the contravention occurred, up to a maximum of 12%.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionStep 2: The seriousness of the contravention
RPP 6-6-2
The
DFSA will determine a financial penalty figure that reflects the seriousness of the contravention. In determining such a figure, theDFSA will take into account various factors, which will usually fall into the following four categories:(a) factors relating to the impact of the contravention;(b) factors relating to the nature of the contravention;(c) factors tending to show whether the contravention was deliberate; and(d) factors tending to show whether the contravention was reckless.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-6-3
Factors relating to the impact of a contravention committed by an individual include:
(a) the level of benefit gained or loss avoided, or intended to be gained or avoided, by the individual from the contravention, either directly or indirectly;(b) the loss or risk of loss, as a whole, caused to consumers, investors or other market users in general;(c) the loss or risk of loss caused to individual consumers, investors or other market users;(d) whether the contravention had an effect on particularly vulnerable people, whether intentionally or otherwise;(e) the inconvenience or distress caused to consumers; and(f) whether the contravention had an adverse effect on markets and, if so, how serious that effect was. This may include having regard to whether the orderliness of, or confidence in, the markets in question has been damaged or put at risk.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-6-4
Factors relating to the nature of a contravention by an individual include:
(a) the nature of the Laws or Rules contravened;(b) the frequency of the contravention;(c) the nature and extent of any financial crime facilitated, occasioned or otherwise attributable to the contravention;(d) the scope for any potential financial crime to be facilitated, occasioned or otherwise occur as a result of the contravention;(e) whether the individual failed to act with integrity;(f) whether the individual abused a position of trust;(g) whether the individual committed a contravention of any professional code of conduct;(h) whether the individual caused or encouraged other individuals to commit contraventions;(i) whether the individual held a prominent position within the industry;(j) whether the individual is an experienced industry professional;(k) whether the individual held a senior position with the firm;(l) the extent of the responsibility of the individual for the product or business areas affected by the contravention, and for the particular matter that was the subject of the contravention;(m) whether the individual acted under duress; and(n) whether the individual took any steps to comply withDFSA rules, and the adequacy of those steps.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-6-5
Factors tending to show the contravention was deliberate include:
(a) the contravention was intentional, in that the individual intended, could reasonably have foreseen or foresaw that the likely or actual consequences of his actions or inaction would result in a contravention;(b) the individual intended to benefit financially from the contravention, either directly or indirectly;(c) the individual knew that his actions were not in accordance with his firm's internal procedures;(d) the individual sought to conceal his misconduct;(e) the individual committed the contravention in such a way as to avoid or reduce the risk that the contravention would be discovered;(f) the individual was influenced to commit the contravention by the belief that it would be difficult to detect;(g) the individual knowingly took decisions relating to the contravention beyond his field of competence; and(h) the individual's actions were repeated.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-6-6
Factors tending to show the contravention was reckless include:
(a) the individual appreciated there was a risk that his actions or inaction could result in a contravention and failed adequately to mitigate that risk; and(b) the individual was aware there was a risk that his actions or inaction could result in a contravention but failed to check if he was acting in accordance with internal procedures.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionStep 3: Mitigating and aggravating factors
RPP 6-6-7
The
DFSA may increase or decrease the amount of the financial penalty arrived at after Step 2 (excluding any amount to be disgorged as set out in Step 1), to take into account factors which aggravate or mitigate the contravention. Any such adjustments will be made by way of a percentage adjustment to the figure determined at Step 2.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-6-8
The following list of factors may have the effect of aggravating or mitigating the contravention:
(a) the conduct of the individual (whether as a whistleblower or not) in bringing (or failing to bring) quickly, effectively and completely the contravention to theDFSA's attention (or the attention of other regulatory authorities, where relevant);(b) the degree of cooperation the individual showed during the investigation of the contravention by theDFSA , or any other regulatory authority allowed to share information with theDFSA ;(c) whether the individual took any steps to stop the contravention, and when these steps were taken;(d) any remedial steps taken since the contravention was identified, including whether these were taken on the individual's own initiative or that of theDFSA or another regulatory authority;(e) whether the individual has arranged his resources in such a way as to allow or avoid disgorgement and/or payment of a financial penalty;(f) whether the individual had previously been told about theDFSA's concerns in relation to the issue, either by means of a private warning or in supervisory correspondence;(g) whether the individual had previously undertaken not to perform a particular act or engage in particular behaviour;(h) whether the individual has complied with any requirements or rulings of another regulatory authority relating to the contravention;(i) the previous disciplinary record and general compliance history of the individual;(j) action taken against the individual by other domestic or international regulatory authorities that is relevant to the contravention in question;(k) whetherDFSA guidance or other published materials had al raised relevant concerns, and the nature and accessibility of such materials;(l) whether theDFSA publicly called for an improvement in standards in relation to the behaviour constituting the contravention or similar behaviour before or during the occurrence of the contravention; and(m) whether the individual agreed to undertake training subsequent to the contravention.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionStep 4: Adjustment for deterrence
RPP 6-6-9
If the
DFSA considers the figure arrived at after Step 3 is insufficient to deter the individual who committed the contravention, or others, from committing further or similar contraventions then theDFSA may increase the financial penalty. Circumstances where theDFSA may do this include:(a) where theDFSA considers the absolute value of the penalty too small in relation to the contravention to meet its objective of credible deterrence;(b) where previousDFSA action in respect of similar contraventions has failed to improve industry standards. This may include similar contraventions relating to different products;(c) where theDFSA considers it is likely that similar contraventions will be committed by the individual or by other individuals in the future; and(d) where theDFSA considers that the likelihood of the detection of such a contravention is low.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionStep 5: Settlement discount
RPP 6-6-10
Section 6-8 provides that the amount of the financial penalty which might otherwise have been payable will be reduced to reflect the fact that the individual concerned reached an agreement with the DFSA. The settlement discount does not apply to the disgorgement of any benefit calculated at Step 1.
Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 6-7 RPP 6-7 Serious Financial Hardship
RPP 6-7-1
The
DFSA's approach to determining penalties described in sections 6-5 and 6-6 is intended to ensure that financial penalties are proportionate to the contravention. TheDFSA recognises that penalties may affectPersons differently, and that theDFSA should consider whether a reduction in the proposed financial penalty is appropriate if such penalty would cause the subject of enforcement action serious financial hardship.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-7-2
Where an individual or firm claims that payment of the financial penalty proposed by the
DFSA will cause them serious financial hardship, theDFSA will consider whether to reduce the proposed financial penalty only if:(a) the individual or firm provides verifiable evidence that payment of the financial penalty will cause them serious financial hardship;(b) the individual or firm provides full, frank and timely disclosure of the verifiable evidence, and cooperates fully in answering any questions asked by theDFSA about their financial position; and(c) the individual or firm is able to satisfy theDFSA that payment of the financial penalty will cause them serious financial hardship.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-7-3
There may be cases where, even though the individual or firm has satisfied the
DFSA that payment of the financial penalty would cause serious financial hardship, theDFSA considers the contravention to be so serious that it is not appropriate to reduce the financial penalty. TheDFSA will consider all the circumstances of the case in determining whether this course of action is appropriate, including whether:(a) the individual or firm directly or indirectly derived an economic benefit from the contravention and, if so, the extent of that economic benefit;(b) the individual or firm acted fraudulently or dishonestly with a view to personal gain; or(c) the individual or firm has spent money or dissipated assets in anticipation ofDFSA or other enforcement action with a view to frustrating or limiting the impact of action taken by theDFSA or other authorities.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionIndividuals
RPP 6-7-4
In assessing whether a financial penalty would cause an individual serious financial hardship, the
DFSA will consider the individual's ability to pay the financial penalty over a reasonable period, including agreeing to payment of the financial penalty by instalments where the individual requires time to realise his assets, for example, by waiting for payment of a salary or by selling property.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionFirms
RPP 6-7-5
The
DFSA will consider reducing the amount of a financial penalty if a firm will suffer serious financial hardship as a result of having to pay the entire financial penalty. In deciding whether it is appropriate to reduce the financial penalty, theDFSA will take into consideration the firm's financial circumstances, including whether the financial penalty would render the firm insolvent or threaten the firm's solvency. TheDFSA will also take into account its statutory objectives, for example, in situations where consumers would be harmed or market confidence would suffer, theDFSA may consider it appropriate to reduce a financial penalty in order to allow a firm to continue in business and/or pay redress.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionWithdrawal of authorisation or registration
RPP 6-7-6
The
DFSA may withdraw a firm'sLicence or registration, or the status of registration of anAuthorised Individual ,Key Individual ,Principal Representative orAudit Principal , as well as impose a financial penalty. Such action by theDFSA does not affect theDFSA's assessment of the appropriate financial penalty in relation to a contravention. However, the fact that theDFSA has withdrawn suchLicence or registration, as a result of which the firm or individual may have less earning potential, may be relevant in assessing whether the financial penalty will cause the firm or individual serious financial hardship.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 EditionRPP 6-8 RPP 6-8 Settlement Discount
RPP 6-8-1
Persons subject to enforcement action may be prepared to accept the amount of any financial penalty, if a settlement discount is applied, and any other conditions which the
DFSA seeks to impose. Such conditions might include, for example, the amount or mechanism for the payment of compensation to consumers. TheDFSA recognises the benefits of such agreements, in that they offer the potential for securing earlier redress or protection for consumers and the saving of cost to thePerson concerned, and theDFSA itself, in contesting the financial penalty.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 6-8-2
In appropriate cases the
DFSA's approach will be to offer thePerson concerned the opportunity to settle.The DFSA will set clear and reasonable timetables for settlement discussions to ensure they do not unreasonably delay a regulatory or enforcement outcome. In most cases, the DFSA will specify that a Person has 28 days in which to reach agreement with the DFSA. If settlement is agreed within the 28 day period, or such other period allowed by the DFSA, the DFSA will apply a 30% discount to the amount of the financial penalty.Inserted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 6-8-3
In exceptional cases, the DFSA may allow a longer period than 28 days in which to reach agreement with the DFSA. This might happen where the case is particularly complex or there is a particularly large volume of evidence to be reviewed. In most cases, however, the DFSA expects the person will al be familiar with the issues and 28 days will be a sufficient period in which to conclude settlement discussions.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 6-8-4
Where part of a proposed financial penalty specifically equates to the disgorgement of profit accrued or loss avoided, then the percentage reduction will not apply to that part of the financial penalty.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 7 RPP 7 Decision Making
RPP 7-1 RPP 7-1 Introduction
RPP 7-1-1
This chapter sets out the
DFSA's general approach to making decisions when exercising its discretionary powers, including those set out in chapters 4 and 5 of this Sourcebook.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-1-2
A reference to:
(a) an Article in this chapter is a reference to an Article in theRegulatory Law 2004, unless otherwise stated; and(b) the Law in this chapter is a reference to any legislation administered by theDFSA .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-1-3
The
DFSA is aware that when it makes a decision in the exercise of the wide ranging powers available to it (for example to grant or not to grant a licence or authorisation, or pursue a remedy), such decisions are likely to affect the rights, interests and legitimate expectations of Persons. Therefore, theDFSA has put in place a fair and transparent decision making process when exercising its powers.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-2 RPP 7-2 Who Can Exercise a DFSA Power?
RPP 7-2-1
The
DFSA's powers can be exercised by itsChief Executive or any delegate of the may delegate his powers:Chief Executive . The Chief Executive(a) to any DFSA officer or employee ("DFSA officer");(b) to a committee of DFSA officers, such as the Decision Making Committee ("DMC") (see further at 7-7); and(c) with the approval of the DFSA Board, to any otherPerson (each referred to in this chapter as a "decision maker").
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-2-2
The decisions which are made by the
DFSA fall into three categories:(a) decisions which are subject to the procedures in Schedule 3 of the Regulatory Law (“Schedule 3 Decisions”) e.g. a decision to withdraw theLicence of anAuthorised Person ;(b) decisions which are subject to a bespoke process instead of the procedures in Schedule 3 ("Bespoke Decisions") e.g. the rejection of new Controller of anAuthorised Firm ; and(c) routine operational decisions (“Operational Decisions”) e.g. aDFSA decision to start an investigation against aPerson . These decisions are not subject to the procedures in Schedule 3 and are not referable to theFMT , but may be reviewed by way of judicial review in the Court.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-2-3
The decisions in (a) and (b) above may be referred to the
FMT for review and, depending on the nature and impact of the decision, are usually made either by aDFSA officer or by the DMC (see Section 7-7).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 7-3 RPP 7-3 DFSA's General Approach to Decision Making
RPP 7-3-1
The key elements of the
DFSA's approach to decision making include:(a) having in place adequate systems and controls to ensure that those making decisions, on behalf of theDFSA , are impartial and not affected by conflicts of interests that may affect their decisions;(b) giving aPerson in respect of whom theDFSA proposes to make a decision (the "affected person") advance notice about theDFSA's proposed action (with the exception of cases when theDFSA may take immediate action because any delay resulting from advance notice would be prejudicial to the interests of direct or indirect users of financial services in theDIFC or otherwise prejudicial to the interests of theDIFC );(c) giving the affected person clear reasons why theDFSA proposes to take the relevant action;(d) giving the affected person a suitable opportunity to make representations (in person and in writing) with regard to theDFSA's proposed action;(e) taking into account any representations made by, or on behalf of, the affected person before making a final decision, i.e. making any consequential changes to the proposed action given the representations made or other additional material available to theDFSA , as appropriate;(f) taking into account only those considerations which are relevant to the matter to be decided upon;(g) giving, without undue delay, the affected person a clear statement in writing of theDFSA's final decision, the reasons for that decision and the effective date;(h) informing the affected person what rights of review thatPerson has in respect of theDFSA's decision, and within what period those rights of review must be exercised; and(i) having in place adequate mechanisms to enable the affected person to have theDFSA decision properly and impartially reviewed.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-3-2
In certain circumstances, as set out in (b) above, the
DFSA does not have to give an affected person advance notice of its proposed action and a right for thatPerson to make prior representations to theDFSA before theDFSA makes its final decision. In such circumstances, theDFSA is still obliged to give the affected person a right of representation within 14 days (or other longer period as may be agreed) from the date on which theDFSA decision is made and communicated to the affected person. TheDFSA is obliged to consider any representations made by, or on behalf of, the affected person during that period. Decisions that might be made without giving the affected person a right to make prior representations include:(a) the issuing of a stop order under Article 25 of the Markets Law 2010; and(b) suspension of a Listed Entity's Securities from theOfficial List of Securities .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-3-3
Where a right to make representations is exercised by an affected person, the
DFSA will communicate to the affected person whether theDFSA confirms its original decision, or otherwise varies or withdraws that decision, given the representations made. Where no representations are made by, or on behalf of, the affected person during the relevant period, theDFSA's original decision will remain in effect and will be confirmed.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionProcedural fairness principles
RPP 7-3-4
A decision maker is expected to:
(a) act without bias or conflict of interest;(b) give thePerson an opportunity to present his case; and(c) take into account only those considerations which are relevant to the matter to be decided upon.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionActing without bias or conflict of interest
RPP 7-3-5
A decision maker called upon to make a decision is expected to act impartially in doing so. If the decision maker has a vested financial or personal interest in the matter, a conflict of interest may arise that prevents an impartial or unbiased decision being made.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-3-6
A decision maker who does have a financial or other personal interest in the matter is required to disclose this interest to the
DFSA and, if the interest is material, would not be the decision maker in relation to that matter.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRelevant considerations
RPP 7-3-7
The decision maker is expected to take into account only those considerations which are relevant to the matter to be decided upon. Taking into account only those considerations which are relevant to the matter necessarily requires disregarding any irrelevant information. This also requires the decision maker to ensure that it has all the material information that is necessary to be able to make the relevant decision. For this purpose, the decision maker may ask for further information or representations from the affected person or the DFSA case team.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 7-4 RPP 7-4 Operational Decisions
RPP 7-4-1
Some supervisory decisions of the
DFSA , by their nature, do not invoke the procedures in Schedule 3. Generally such decisions may also not be referred by the affected person to theFMT for review. These decisions are generally made as part of theDFSA's day-to-day supervision of regulated firms. Examples include its decisions to:(a) obtain additional information from anAuthorised Firm ;(b) disclose information about anAuthorised Firm to an overseas regulator;(c) issue a risk mitigation plan stemming from any supervisory concerns identified in the course of firm visit; or(d) commence an investigation.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-4-2
In making these decisions, the decision maker is still subject to overarching administrative law principles which require him to act in good faith, and in a proportionate and reasonable manner. He is also required, to the extent appropriate, to act in a transparent and consistent manner.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-5 RPP 7-5 Schedule 3 Decisions
RPP 7-5-1
Some
DFSA powers, whether in the laws or Rules, must be exercised according to the procedures in Schedule 3. The powers also set out whether the affected person has a right to have theDFSA decision reviewed by theFMT . As Schedule 3 Decisions can have a significant adverse impact on an affected person, the mandatory procedures set out in Schedule 3 are designed to provide procedural fairness.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-5-2
Examples of Schedule 3 Decisions include where the
DFSA , on its own initiative, proposes to:(a) impose a fine or censure under Article 90 of the Regulatory Law;(b) withdraw the Licence of anAuthorised Person ; or(c) withdraw the status of anAuthorised Individual .Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-5-3
To facilitate a consistent approach to decision making, Schedule 3 sets out clearly the steps the
DFSA is required to follow in relation to Schedule 3 Decisions.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-5-4
The procedures are designed to ensure procedural fairness by giving (see Figure1 below):
(a) advance notice of theDFSA's proposed decision (referred to as thePreliminary Notice ), except in the cases referred to in 7-5-6 and the reasons for proposing to make such a decision;(b) a suitable opportunity to make representations relating to the proposed decision;(c) theDFSA's final decision (referred to as the Decision Notice) and the reasons for that decision, including any changes made to the preliminary decision taking into account any representations made for, or on behalf of, the affected person; and(d) notice of the affected person's right to have theDFSA decision reviewed by theFMT and the period within which that right can be exercised.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-5-5
Schedule 3 Decisions will normally be made either by a
DFSA officer or, where theDFSA considers it appropriate, by the DMC. For example, a decision to impose a restriction on anAuthorised Firm under Article 76 of the Regulatory Law will typically be made by the head of the team which supervises theAuthorised Firm , who may not be operationally removed from the matter. However, decisions made under Article 90 of the Regulatory Law will ordinarily be made by the DMC.Figure 1: DFSA's Decision Making Process for Schedule 3 Decisions
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-5-6
Other than Operational Decisions, the Schedule 3 procedures do not apply to some other types of
DFSA decisions, including:(a) decisions made by theDFSA at the request or with the consent of aPerson , e.g. where aPerson requests theDFSA to cancel its Licence; and(b) a decision by theDFSA to withdraw certain directions, requirements, restrictions, prohibitions or conditions imposed under the Law.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-6 RPP 7-6 Bespoke Decisions
RRP 7-6-1
Certain
DFSA decisions attract bespoke due process requirements. Examples are theDFSA's powers relating to Controllers of regulated firms and the power to approve or reject the Business Rules of an Authorised Market Institution. Bespoke due process decisions can be made either by aDFSA officer or, in appropriate cases, by the DMC. The Schedule 3 procedures do not apply where bespoke due process requirements apply to a power.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-7 RPP 7-7 The Decision Making Committee
RPP 7-7-1
The DMC is a
DFSA committee whose members areDFSA officers, employees or external persons who act under powers delegated by theDFSA Chief Executive. The DMC may be constituted by one person sitting alone or by three members sitting together to consider the relevant matter.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 7-7-2
The DMC is often the decision maker for Schedule 3 Decisions. However, on occasion, for Schedule 3 Decisions which are not ordinarily made by the DMC, the
DFSA officer acting as a decision maker may refer the decision to the DMC to be made where he considers it appropriate, for example, where he feels that the matter deserves a greater degree of independence and objectivity (taking into account factors such as impact and complexity).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-7-3
When the DMC sits to consider whether the
DFSA should take enforcement action under Article 90 of the Regulatory Law, its member(s) should have had no previous direct involvement in establishing the evidence upon which the decision is based.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-7-4
When considering a matter, the DMC would first review the evidence supporting a proposed
DFSA action and decide whether, in light of the evidence, aPreliminary Notice should be given to the affected person. The DMC may, having reviewed the evidence available to it, decide not to proceed with any action. If aPreliminary Notice is given, the recipient has the right to make representations in relation to the findings and action proposed.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 7-7-5
The affected person can make representations in writing, in person, or both. The DFSA considers that the main purpose of oral representations is for the affected person to clarify any points raised during the representations process. Oral representations should not be used as an opportunity for the affected person, or their representatives, simply to repeat arguments or submissions al made, such as those set out in written representations. The DFSA also considers that representations in person may in some cases be a useful opportunity for the DMC to hear representations directly from the affected person.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 7-7-6
The representations must be provided within the period specified in the Notice. The DMC will set reasonable deadlines by which the affected person is expected to provide their written representations. If the person has asked to make representations in person, a date will be arranged for them to attend before the DMC. The DMC will not allow a person to use representations as a way of delaying or frustrating the decision-making process, for example by repeatedly asking for deadlines to be extended or for meetings in person to be postponed.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 7-7-7
The DMC will be responsible for considering the affected person’s representations made in response to the Notice, and any further relevant information, and deciding whether or not to give a Decision Notice (or to confirm the original decision if the opportunity to make representations is provided after a Decision Notice is given).
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRRP 7-8 RRP 7-8 The Financial Markets Tribunal
RRP 7-8-1
DFSA-administered law and Rules set out when an affected person has a right to refer a
DFSA decision to theFinancial Markets Tribunal (the "FMT ") for its review. Upon a referral, theFMT (which is operationally independent of theDFSA ) is required to conduct a full merits review of theDFSA decision. In doing so, theFMT would look at all the relevant facts afresh and take into account all relevant matters, including any matters that theDFSA may have not been aware of, or had disregarded, when theDFSA made its decision.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRRP 7-8-2
After review of the
DFSA decision, theFMT has the power to make a new decision using the powers available to theDFSA as the original decision maker. This could involve confirmation of the original decision made by theDFSA , substituting theDFSA decision with a new decision, or referring the matter back to theDFSA with a direction for theDFSA to make a fresh decision.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRRP 7-8-3
The
FMT itself, being an administrative review body, is required to observe rules of procedural fairness, and be objective and transparent in making its decisions. So theFMT has its own due process procedures, which it follows.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRRP 7-8-4
To enable an affected person to exercise properly and effectively his right to have the
DFSA's original decision referred to theFMT , theDFSA will provide to such aPerson a Decision Notice specifying:(a) theDFSA's decision and its reasons for making that decision;(b) the date on which the decision is to take effect; and(c) thePerson's right to seek a review of the decision by theFMT ; and(d) by when the right referred to in (c) has to be exercised.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 7-8-5
The Decision Notice must also include a copy of the relevant materials which were considered by the
DFSA when making its decision (unless such materials are al held by the affected person or are publicly available or are the subject of legal professional privilege).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionRPP 7-8-6
A decision of the
FMT may be reviewed by the DIFC Court but only on a point of law. For more information on theFinancial Markets Tribunal , including its rules and procedures, please see theDFSA's website (www.DFSA.ae).Added by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd November 2014). November 2014 EditionRPP 8 RPP 8 Confidential Regulatory Information
RPP 8-1 RPP 8-1 Introduction
RPP 8-1-1
This chapter describes how the
DFSA protects, uses and discloses confidential information that it receives in the course of regulating financial services in theDIFC . Such information is referred to in this chapter as "confidential information".Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 8-2 RPP 8-2 Guiding Principles
RPP 8-2-1
The international best practice standards adopted and applied by the
DFSA in theDIFC are those set by international standard setting organisations such as the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS), the International Association of Insurance Supervisors (IAIS), the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB).Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 8-2-2
The DFSA's adherence to these standards is a commitment:
(a) to enforce and ensure compliance with applicable financial services legislation, consistent with the Basel Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision, the IAIS Core Principles for Effective Insurance Supervision, theIOSCO Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation and theFATF Recommendations on combating money laundering, the financing of terrorism and proliferation of weapons of mass destruction;(b) to provide the fullest mutual assistance to other financial services regulators regarding cooperation and the exchange of confidential information according to standards and procedures that are equivalent to those prescribed in theIOSCO Multilateral Memorandum of Understanding;(c) to seek to ensure thatDIFC or foreign laws or regulations about confidentiality or secrecy do not prevent theDFSA from obtaining, securing or disclosing confidential information where required for lawful regulatory purposes;(d) to limit the disclosure of confidential information to other financial services regulators and enforcement agencies to what is required for lawfully ensuring compliance with, and enforcement of, applicable financial services and criminal legislation;(e) to apply international best practices in obtaining and disclosing confidential information;(f) to implement robust internal control systems and procedures that meet international best practices for the handling, storing, processing and securing of confidential information; and(g) to implement data protection procedures that are equivalent to those prescribed in the European Union Directives so as to protect individual privacy rights according to international best practices.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 8-3 RPP 8-3 Relevant Legislation
RPP 8-3-1
The main legislative provisions governing the use of confidential information are set out in Dubai Law No. 9 of 2004, DIFC Regulatory Law No. 1 of 2004, the DIFC Data Protection Law No. 1 of 2007 and the UAE Penal Code, Federal Law No. 3 of 1987.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRegulatory Powers to Obtain Confidential Information
RPP 8-3-2
Like other financial services regulators, the
DFSA has comprehensive statutory powers to carry out its authorisation, supervision and enforcement functions regarding financial services in and from theDIFC . TheRegulatory Law confers powers to require reports, conduct on-site inspections of business premises of authorised entities and individuals, investigate and compel the production of documents, testimony and other information.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-3 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-3
The
DFSA can also use its powers to obtain information from third party suppliers, including intermediaries and companies that have accepted outsourced functions for regulated entities. These include subsidiaries established in theDIFC and branches in theDIFC of firms authorised in other jurisdictions. TheDFSA may also exercise these powers at the request, and on behalf, of foreign regulators and authorities to assist them in performing their regulatory or enforcement functions. Why, when and how this is permissible is described in more detail below.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-4
In short, because the
DFSA's statutory mandate is to regulate all financial services provided in and from theDIFC , theDFSA has broad access to confidential information about individuals and firms participating in or connected to the provision of financial services in theDIFC This includes all market participants, listed companies, reporting entities and their officers and directors.For example, this means that the
DFSA will treat accounts that are booked and held in foreign jurisdictions, but serviced and managed in or from theDIFC , in the same way as if the accounts were booked, held, serviced and managed entirely within theDIFC . Legally and practically theDFSA has complete access to the account information in both situations because the regulated financial service is provided in or from theDIFC . However, if aDIFC regulated financial institution books, holds, services and manages an account entirely in a foreign jurisdiction, theDFSA has no authority to access confidential client account information unless the laws of the foreign jurisdiction permit such access and disclosure.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionConfidentiality Obligations
RPP 8-3-5
Although the
DFSA has comprehensive powers to access confidential information so that it can properly discharge its regulatory functions, there are statutory limitations or restrictions on the way theDFSA uses and deals with confidential information. These limitations or restrictions are necessary to protect individual privacy and to assure regulated firms and individuals, and their clients, that the confidential information they provide to theDFSA will be dealt with in confidence and used only for lawful purposes.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionDubai Law No. 9 of 2004
RPP 8-3-6
Under Article 7 of Dubai Law No. 9 of 2004, which is the law under which the
DFSA was established, theDFSA is required to keep confidential any confidential information obtained, disclosed to or collected by it, in the course of performing its functions. The Article specifically prohibits the disclosure of confidential information to third parties except in circumstances permitted byDIFC laws and regulations.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionThe UAE Penal Code
RPP 8-3-7
It is a criminal offence under Article 379 of the UAE Penal Code, Federal Law No. 3, (which applies in the
DIFC ) for any person, including theDFSA , its employees and agents, to disclose confidential information to third parties without having the legal authority to do so. This Article applies to all persons, not just currently serving public officers. However, it imposes more severe penalties on public officers if they disclose such information in cases other than those permitted by the law.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionThe Data Protection Law
RPP 8-3-8
The DIFC Data Protection Law No.7 of 2007 (Data Protection Law) applies in the
DIFC . The Data Protection Law protects the personal data of a natural living person; this data is generally also confidential information. The Data Protection Law sets out the requirements for processing personal data and the rights of data subjects.For example, under the Data Protection Law, the
DFSA , as a data controller, is required to process personal data fairly, lawfully, and securely and only for specified, explicit and legitimate purposes. TheDFSA is also required to ensure that personal data it processes is accurate and kept up to date.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-9
Under Article 39 of the Data Protection Law, in certain circumstances, specified sections of the Data Protection Law do not apply to the
DFSA . This exemption applies if the application of the specified sections of the Data Protection Law would be likely to prejudice the proper discharge of theDFSA's powers and functions underDFSA administered laws, insofar as the relevant powers and functions are designed to protect members of the public against the dishonesty, malpractice or other seriously improper conduct of those operating in the financial services industry.For example, the
DFSA will not normally notify an individual about a request from a foreign authority to provide information about a client of a financial institution if the request is for the purpose of investigating the client's suspected participation in a securities fraud or criminal offence. In such cases, notifying the client or financial institution is likely to jeopardise the investigation and would defeat the public interest.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionThe Regulatory Law
RPP 8-3-10
Article 38(1) of the Regulatory Law parallels the above confidentiality provisions by prohibiting the
DFSA , its employees, agents or any person coming into possession of the information from disclosing confidential information unless they have the consent of the person to whom the duty of confidentiality is owed or unless the disclosure is expressly authorised under Article 38(3).Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionAuthorised Powers of Disclosure
RPP 8-3-11
The
Regulatory Law provides gateways by which theDFSA is permitted to disclose regulatory information for certain purposes and/or to certain persons. The relevant gateways are in Articles 38 and 39.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-12
Under Article 38 of the Regulatory Law, the
DFSA may lawfully disclose confidential information:(a) where the information is al public;(b) where the disclosure is for the purpose of assisting the following persons in the performance of their regulatory functions:(i) the DIFC Registrar of Companies;(ii) a Financial Services Regulator;(iii) a governmental or regulatory authority exercising powers and performing functions relating to anti-money laundering, counter-terrorist financing or sanctions compliance;(iv) a self-regulatory body or organisation exercising and performing powers and functions in relation to financial services;(v) a civil or criminal law enforcement agency; or(vi) a governmental or other regulatory authority, including a self-regulatory body, or organisation exercising powers and performing functions in relation to the regulation of auditors, accountants or lawyers;(c) where disclosure is permitted or required under theRegulatory Law or Rules, otherDFSA administered laws or any other law applicable in theDIFC ; and(d) where disclosure is made in good faith for the purposes of performance and exercise of the functions and powers of theDFSA .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-13
Under Article 80A(2) of the Regulatory Law, the
DFSA is prohibited from disclosing an individual's compelled testimony to any law enforcement agency for the purpose of criminal proceedings against the person unless the person consents to the disclosure or theDFSA is required by law or court order to disclose the statement.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-14
When the
DFSA is requested to disclose confidential information to anAuthority referred to in Article 38 or 39, in circumstances other than those referred to in Article 80A(2), theDFSA recognises that the information to be provided is to be used for the sole purpose of assisting the requesting authority in performing its regulatory functions. Consequently, theDFSA requires the requesting authority to keep the information confidential and not to disclose it to any other person without the written consent of theDFSA .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-15
In summary, the above restrictions mean that:
(a) theDFSA may only use or disclose confidential information to fulfil aDFSA regulatory purpose or legal obligation;(b) theDFSA may only disclose confidential information to domestic and foreign regulators and authorities if it is for the purpose of assisting them in the performance of their specific regulatory or enforcement functions regarding financial services and criminal legislation; and(c) theDFSA may only disclose an individual's compelled testimony to a law enforcement agency for the purpose of criminal proceedings against the person if the person consents to the disclosure or if theDFSA is required by law or court order to disclose the statement.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionExercising Regulatory Powers on Behalf of Other Authorities
RPP 8-3-16
In addition, Article 39 of the Regulatory Law gives the
DFSA specific statutory authority to exercise its powers at the request, and on behalf, of the regulators, authorities, bodies or agencies listed in Article 39 ("authority or authorities"). This means that theDFSA may obtain confidential information from DIFC reporting entities, listed companies, regulated firms and individuals, and their clients on behalf of other authorities. The provisions of Article 38 and 39 must often be considered together to determine the limitations on obtaining and sharing confidential information.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-17
Under Article 39, the
DFSA may only exercise its powers on behalf of other authorities if the request for assistance comes from:(a) the DIFCRegistrar of Companies ;(b) aFinancial Services Regulator ;(c) a governmental or regulatory authority exercising powers and performing functions relating to anti-money laundering, counter terrorist financing or sanctions compliance;(d) a self-regulatory body or organisation exercising and performing powers and functions in relation to financial services;(e) a civil or criminal law enforcement agency; or(f) a governmental or other regulatory authority, including a self-regulatory body, or organisation exercising powers and performing functions in relation to the regulation of auditors, accountants or lawyers,where the
DFSA considers it appropriate for the purpose of assisting the performance of their regulatory functions.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-18
As a matter of policy the
DFSA will assist an Article 39 authority unless:(a) the request would require theDFSA to act in a manner that would violate applicableUAE criminal laws, DIFC laws or DFSA policies;(b) the request is in relation to criminal or enforcement proceedings that have al been initiated in theDIFC orUAE relating to the same facts or same persons, or the same persons have al been penalised or sanctioned on substantively the same allegations or charges and to the same degree by theDFSA or the competent authorities in theUAE ;(c) the request would be prejudicial to the public interest of theDIFC ;(d) the requesting authority refuses to give corresponding assistance to theDFSA ;(e) complying with the request would be so burdensome as to prejudice or disrupt the performance of DFSA regulatory functions and duties; or(f) the authority fails to demonstrate a legitimate reason for the request.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 23rd January 2017). February 2017 EditionRPP 8-3-19
If the
DFSA decides to obtain and disclose confidential information on behalf of another authority under Article 39, then it must do so in accordance with the provisions of Article 38.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-20
In deciding whether to comply with a request to disclose confidential information under Articles 38 and 39, the
DFSA as a matter of policy will satisfy itself that there are legitimate reasons for the request and that the authority requesting the information has the appropriate standards in place for dealing with confidential information. What theDFSA considers to be legitimate reasons are discussed below.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionFactors Determining Legitimacy of Requests for Confidential Information
RPP 8-3-21
Every request to disclose confidential information will be assessed by the
DFSA on a case-by-case basis to determine whether there is a legitimate reason to comply with the request. In determining the legitimacy of a request, theDFSA may consider, in addition to Articles 38 and 39 of the Regulatory Law:(a) whether the request will enable the requesting authority to discharge more effectively its regulatory responsibilities to enforce and secure compliance with the financial services laws administered by the requesting authority;(b) whether the request is for the purpose of actual or possible criminal, civil or administrative enforcement proceedings relating to a violation of financial services laws administered by the requesting authority;(c) whether the requesting authority is governed by laws that are substantially equivalent to those governing theDFSA concerning regulatory confidentiality, data protection, legal privilege and procedural fairness;(d) whether the request involves the administration of justice of a law, regulation or requirement that is related to enforcing and securing compliance with the financial services laws of the requesting jurisdiction;(e) whether any other authority, governmental or non-governmental, is cooperating with the requesting authority or seeking information from the confidential files of the requesting authority; and(f) whether fulfilling the request will foster the integrity of, and confidence in, the financial services industry in theDIFC and the requesting jurisdiction.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionCivil Proceedings in the DIFC Court
RPP 8-3-22
The DIFC Court's enabling legislation, Dubai Law No. 12 of 2004, in respect of the Judicial Authority at DIFC, gives it exclusive judicial jurisdiction in the
DIFC and overDIFC bodies including theDFSA . Therefore, theDFSA is obliged by law to disclose confidential information if it is compelled to do so under an order from the DIFC Court.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionCriminal Prosecutions in the UAE Courts
RPP 8-3-23
As the
UAE criminal laws apply in theDIFC , theDFSA is obliged under Article 78, Part 2 of the UAE Penal Procedures Law Federal Law No. 35 to comply with any legally enforceable demand or order from a competent authority responsible for administering the criminal laws in theUAE . This includes orders or demands to disclose confidential information.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionThe Effect of Foreign Secrecy Laws in the DIFC
RPP 8-3-24
Foreign banking secrecy laws do not apply in the
DIFC and do not apply toDFSA regulated entities and their clients in relation to financial services business conducted in or from theDIFC . This is because foreign banking secrecy laws or confidentiality provisions do not have extraterritorial effect. Similarly, theDFSA does not have extraterritorial or direct access to confidential client information if the client's business is booked, held, serviced and managed exclusively in foreign jurisdictions subject to a strict banking secrecy regime.For example, a request by the
DFSA to a foreign regulator or a financial institution for disclosure of confidential client account information will be governed by and be subject to the secrecy laws, if any, of the foreign jurisdiction.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-24 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionApplications to Request Confidential Information
RPP 8-3-25
Generally, for the
DFSA to agree to provide confidential information in response to an Article 39 request, the authority will be required to:(a) make the request in writing, or if urgent make the request orally and, unless otherwise agreed, confirm it in writing within ten business days;(b) describe the confidential information requested and the purpose for which the authority seeks the information;(c) provide a brief description of the facts supporting the request and the relevant legal powers authorising the request;(d) specify whether the purpose of the request is for actual or possible criminal, civil or administrative enforcement proceedings relating to a violation of the laws and regulations administered by the authority;(e) agree that it will not use the confidential information for any other purpose than that for which it was requested unless it has the express permission of theDFSA ;(f) indicate, if known, the identity of any persons whose rights or interests may be adversely affected by the disclosure of confidential information;(g) indicate whether obtaining the consent of, or giving notice to, the person to whom the request for confidential information relates would jeopardise or prejudice the purpose for which the information is sought;(h) specify whether any other authority, governmental or non-governmental, is co-operating with the requesting authority or seeking information from the confidential files of the requesting authority;(i) specify whether onward disclosure of confidential information is likely to be necessary and the purpose such disclosure would serve;(j) agree to revert to theDFSA in the event that it seeks to use the confidential information for any purposes other than those specified in the request;(k) agree to keep requested confidential information confidential, including the fact that a request for confidential information was made, except as it conforms to this policy or in response to a legally enforceable demand;(l) agree, in the event of a legally enforceable demand, that it, the requesting authority, will notify theDFSA prior to complying with the demand, and will assert such appropriate legal exemptions or privileges with respect to such confidential information as may be available;(m) agree that, prior to providing information to a self-regulatory organisation, the requesting authority will ensure that the self-regulatory organisation is able and will comply on an ongoing basis with the confidentiality provisions agreed to between the requesting authority andDFSA ; and(n) agree to use its best efforts to protect the confidentiality of confidential information received from theDFSA pursuant to the provisions in Articles 38 and 39 of the Regulatory Law, the Data Protection Law and this policy.For example, in an international securities fraud or money laundering investigation the kind of documents the
DFSA may provide to an Article 39 authority may include: documents from contemporaneous records sufficient to reconstruct all securities, derivatives and bank transactions; records of all funds and assets transferred into and out of bank and brokerage accounts relating to these transactions; records that identify the beneficial owner and controller and, for each transaction, the account holder, the particulars of the transaction, and the individual and the authorised financial or market institution that handled the transaction.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionProcedural Fairness
RPP 8-3-26
When the
DFSA intends to disclose confidential information to other bodies pursuant to a statutory gateway, in cases where that information has been obtained from another regulatory or supervisory agency, theDFSA will notify and consult with that agency which provided the information. In these instances, theDFSA does not normally notify the persons potentially affected by the disclosure, although there are exceptions.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-27
The
DFSA will normally give notice and an opportunity to make representations and challenge the disclosure in the following circumstances:(a) where the disclosure relates to a person's compelled testimony to a law enforcement agency for the purpose of criminal proceedings against the person. Under Article 80A(2) of theRegulatory Law , theDFSA must not disclose a person's compelled testimony to any law enforcement agency for the purpose of criminal proceedings against the person unless the person consents to the disclosure or theDFSA is required by law or court order to disclose the statement;(b) where the disclosure of confidential information relates to private civil litigation. In these circumstances, the person requesting the confidential information will be required to obtain aDIFC Court order compelling theDFSA to disclose the confidential information. TheDFSA will notify the person who is the subject of the request so that the person has an opportunity to challenge the request according to the Rules of theDIFC Court;(c) where the fairness of the case requires it. Notice may be appropriate where there are serious and legitimate concerns about the appropriateness of the disclosure, for example, where the body requesting the confidential information does not perform a financial services related regulatory function. In addition there may be some other obvious reason why it might be helpful (in order to enable a fully informed decision to be made) to give notice in order to get a response from the subject of disclosure or the source of the information. One of the relevant considerations is whether the body receiving the confidential information is itself obliged to provide the person concerned with an opportunity to make representations, should it decide to rely on the information disclosed to it.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-28
The
DFSA will not normally give notice in the following circumstances:(a) where it may prejudice an ongoing or pending investigation, whether carried out by theDFSA or the receiving authority or prejudice actions which theDFSA or other authority may want to take as a result of an investigation (e.g. freezing assets before they disappear);(b) where it may reveal the identity of informants or persons who provided theDFSA with information about potential misconduct of firms or individuals in the expectation that their identity would be kept confidential;(c) where it may prejudice or jeopardise theDFSA's ability to effectively discharge its monitoring and other regulatory functions particularly in its supervisory function where there is frequently a need for real-time disclosures of confidential information by telephone, e-mail or fax;(d) where it is agreed or understood that the regulatory practice is that certain confidential information will be passed on without notice, particularly in the context of disclosure to supervisors of international firms;(e) where the information disclosed to other agencies is not adverse to the person concerned (e.g. letters to overseas regulators indicating that there is no adverse information, or information as to the authorisation status of firms and individuals);(f) where it may undermine other regulators' fitness and propriety tests; or(g) where it may seriously prejudice theDFSA's relations with overseas regulators, considering theDFSA's bilateral and international obligations and the need for effective mutual cooperation and information sharing.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 Edition[Deleted]
RPP 8-3-26 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-27 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-28 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-29 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-30 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-31 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-3-32 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-4 RPP 8-4 Information Under Memoranda of Understanding
RPP 8-4-1
The
DFSA may obtain confidential information pursuant to a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)2 with another authority. A list ofDFSA MOUs is published on theDFSA website.
2 A MOU may be a bi-lateral or a multi-lateral MOU.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-4-2
This section describes how the
DFSA protects, uses and discloses confidential information that it receives pursuant to a MOU.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionProcedures for assessing disclosure
RPP 8-4-3
Article 38 of the
Regulatory Law ensures the confidentiality of information provided to theDFSA . This includes any confidential information received by theDFSA from an authority under a MOU or similar arrangement. All information received under a MOU will be expressly marked to indicate that it is confidential regulatory information provided under a MOU from an identified authority.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-4-4
Article 38 also enables the
DFSA to release confidential information to an authority for the purposes of assisting the performance of its regulatory functions. The release of any confidential information by theDFSA to a third party and the method of releasing this information will be assessed and approved by a senior officer of theDFSA with delegated authority to make such a release. The delegated senior officer will consider the relevant provisions of this chapter (particularly section 8-3) in deciding whether to release confidential information to third parties.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-4-5
Any
DFSA staff member identifying the possible release of any confidential information will ensure that the delegated senior officer assessing and approving the release is aware of the origin(s) of the information and the legal basis upon which the release is required to be made.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-4-6
The
DFSA staff member and the delegated senior officer assessing and approving the release will ensure that:(a) the receiving party is made fully aware of the protected status of the confidential information;(b) the providing authority has been approached to seek written approval for the information's release to the third party;(c) where a providing authority does not approve the release of the confidential information, theDFSA takes all reasonable efforts, including any legal steps, to protect the information from disclosure;(d) if theDFSA's efforts to protect the confidential information from disclosure are unsuccessful, e.g. to aCourt , theDFSA informs the providing authority, and requests the receiving party to ensure that the confidential information is not made public.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-4-7
Generally, the
DFSA will ensure that information released under Article 38 retains its confidential status by imposing conditions on that authority that the information should only be used for a regulatory purpose and will not be released to any third party without the prior consent of theDFSA .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionWhere information is subject to a legally enforceable demand
RPP 8-4-8
In cases where the confidential information obtained from an authority under a MOU is subject to a legally enforceable demand (such as a subpoena, notice or court order), the
DFSA will notify the providing authority when the demand is received by theDFSA .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-4-9
In the event of a legally enforceable demand, the
DFSA will assert any legal rights, exemptions or privileges to protect such confidential information that are legally available to it. These may include, for example, objections to disclosure based on a claim of public interest immunity (see section 8-5 below).Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-5 RPP 8-5 Disclosure to a Court
RPP 8-5-1
The
DIFC Courts deal exclusively with all cases and claims arising out of theDIFC and its operations. TheDIFC Courts have jurisdiction over civil and commercial matters only and do not have criminal jurisdiction. All criminal matters are heard and determined by the Emirati courts.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-5-2
The
DIFC Court's enabling legislation, Dubai Law No. 12 of 2004, gives it exclusive judicial jurisdiction in theDIFC and overDIFC bodies including theDFSA . Therefore, theDFSA is obliged by law to disclose confidential information if it is compelled to do so pursuant to an order from theDIFC Court.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-5-3
As the
UAE criminal laws apply in theDIFC , theDFSA is obliged under Article 78, Part 2 of theUAE Penal Procedures Law Federal Law No. 35 of 1992 to comply with any legally enforceable demand or order from a competent authority responsible for administering the criminal laws in theUAE . This includes orders or demands to disclose confidential information.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionPublic interest immunity and similar claims
RPP 8-5-4
In an appropriate case, and particularly where a party to court proceedings seeks disclosure of confidential information obtained by the
DFSA under a MOU (see section 8-4 above), theDFSA will seek to invoke a claim of public interest immunity (PII) to resist the disclosure. In common law, where a government department or other public body considers that the disclosure of particular information in the course of civil or criminal litigation would be seriously harmful to the public interest, the department or body may ask the court not to order disclosure, by making a claim, in civil litigation, of PII, and, in the case of criminal litigation, a similar claim in substance. TheDFSA considers that a PII claim would be appropriate, in the context of its functions, where disclosure would prejudice its ability to perform those functions or jeopardise its ability to receive information in the future from certain sources, including overseas regulators, and in such a case it would make the claim on the source's behalf.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-6 RPP 8-6 Internal Procedures
Employee Practices and Procedures
RPP 8-6-1
The statutory obligation on all
DFSA employees, agents and independent contractors to keep information confidential is further reinforced by requiring:(a) allDFSA employees, agents and independent contractors to sign an Employment or Consultancy Services Contract that incorporates a confidentiality clause in which they irrevocably agree that during the course of their employment, and thereafter, they shall not communicate any information that might be of a confidential or proprietary nature; and(b) allDFSA employees to abide by a Code of Values and Ethics which requires them to comply with their statutory obligations, including the confidentiality obligations under theRegulatory Law .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionPhysical Management of Confidential Information
RPP 8-4-2 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 8-4-3 [Deleted]
Deleted by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 8-6-2
The
DFSA has also adopted physical measures for management of confidential information, such as:(a) restricted working space accessible only through the use of electronic identification cards; and(b) best practice electronic and paper document control systems that monitor and audit the use of confidential information.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-6-3
To ensure the confidentiality obligations in the
Regulatory Law and Data Protection Law are met, theDFSA has developed policies concerning the physical management of information by employees in discharging their licensing, supervisory and other regulatory functions. The policies also prescribe procedures regarding information technology security, restricted electronic information access, physical perimeter security, securing evidence, receiving and receipting documentation and designating sensitivity classifications of information.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 8-6-4
When the
DFSA receives confidential information under its statutory powers under theRegulatory Law to compel production of information and documents, the documents are processed according to prescribed procedures. These procedures include processes for the manual and electronic receipt, storage, retrieval and return of confidential information and documents in and from an Evidence Management Facility purpose built to secure confidential information. Only limited nominated staff have access to the restricted area and the compelled documents while they remain in the custody of theDFSA .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 9 RPP 9 Waivers and Modifications
RPP 9-1 RPP 9-1 Introduction
RPP 9-1-1
This chapter outlines the DFSA's approach to considering and determining applications to grant relief from legislation, by either waiving or modifying the application of one or more Rules of the DFSA Rulebook or Articles of the Markets Law 2012.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-1-2
To waive the application of a provision is to give relief to a person from the entire obligation in that provision. A modification can either modify the way in which a person can comply with an obligation in a provision or can give relief from part of the obligation in a provision.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-2 RPP 9-2 DFSA's Power to Issue Relief
RPP 9-2-1
The
DFSA may, on the application or with the consent of a person, direct that its Rules:(a) do not apply to a person; or(b) do apply to a person but with such modifications as are set out in a notice issued by theDFSA for this purpose.2Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
2 Article 25 of the Regulatory Law 2004.
RPP 9-2-2
Usually such a person is an
Authorised Person , but this may not necessarily be the case. For example, in the case of anOffer ofSecurities theIssuer may apply for relief from the MKT Rules.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-2-3
The
DFSA , in addition to waiving or modifying Rules, has the power to waive or modify Articles of the Markets Law 20123. This power would typically only be exercised where practicality conflicts with a provision of the law and the associated risks are adequately addressed by alternative arrangements put in place by the applicant.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
3 Article 9 of the Markets Law 2012.
RPP 9-2-4
If an application is successful, the
DFSA will issue its decision by means of a notice in writing.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-3 RPP 9-3 Making an Application
RPP 9-3-1
When applying for relief from a Rule or a provision of the Markets Law 2012 please use the GEN1 form in the AFN Sourcebook.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 9-3-2
Currently not in use
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 7th May 2015). May 2015 EditionRPP 9-3-3
Prior to submitting an application to the
DFSA , the applicant should contact their usualDFSA supervisory contact to discuss the application. ForAuthorised Firms subject to thematic supervision, the dedicated contact portal should be used:http://www.dfsa.ae/Pages/ContactUs/SupervisedFirmContactForm.aspx
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-3-4
If the applicant is not regulated by the
DFSA , contact should be made through the general enquiries form on the DFSA website here.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-3-5
Before making an application, the
DFSA expects that the applicant will carry out appropriate research on:(a) the intention behind the provisions in question and the regulatory outcomes that the provisions aim to achieve;(b) whether there are any precedents where the DFSA has previously granted relief, or not granted relief, from the provisions in question; and(c) if so, any similarities and differences between the cases where relief has previously been granted and the applicant's case.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-3-6
In the application, the applicant will need to:
(a) set out the reasons for requesting the granting of a waiver or a modification;(b) explain the impact of the application of the provisions as it stands on the applicant;(c) attach any precedent relief supporting the application which may have been issued;(d) identify any risks associated with the relief being sought and how the applicant plans to mitigate such risks; and(e) in the case of an application to modify a provision, propose wording for the modification.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-3-7
The reasons stated by the applicant need to show a compelling case for the granting of the relief, as the
DFSA does not grant relief lightly. The determination of a waiver or modification is at the discretion of theDFSA and it will generally only grant relief where there is shown to be an appropriate and justifiable reason for doing so.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-3-8
On occasion, the
DFSA may believe that the relief being sought by an applicant may be relevant to, and should be applied to, a large number of persons. In these circumstances instead of requiring the relevant persons to apply for the relief, theDFSA will publish the relief on the homepage of its website and invite the relevant persons to "consent" to the waiver or modification. This is simply done by notifying theDFSA that they wish the notice to apply in relation to their activities.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-4 RPP 9-4 Considering an Application
RPP 9-4-6
The legal standing of the RAWC's work is that the committee does not itself grant waivers or modifications. The committee's role is to consider applications and to make recommendations to the
Chief Executive , or his delegate, either to approve or to reject applications for proposed waivers and modifications.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-4-7
The Chief Executive, or his delegate, may then in relation to waivers or modifications of Rules exercise his power under Article 36(e) of the Regulatory Law 2004 or, in relation to waivers or modifications of Articles of the Markets Law 2012, exercise his powers under Article 36(f) of the Regulatory Law 2004 and issue a notice.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-4-8
In some cases the RAWC may determine that waivers or modifications should be standardised, that is, made available to any applicant meeting certain criteria. An example of standard relief given is a waiver of the prudential requirements in Chapters 4, 6 and 7 of the PIN Module that would otherwise apply to an
Insurer operating as a Branch. Where standard relief is given, theDFSA will consider at the appropriate time whether the relevant Rule or Rules should be amended, so that standard relief need no longer be applied for.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-4-9
The
DFSA may impose conditions on the relief, for example, of additional reporting requirements, and a notice may be given for a specified period of time, after which time it will cease to apply.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-4-10
If the
DFSA decides not to grant relief, it will give reasons for the decision. An applicant may withdraw its application for relief at any time up until the giving of the notice. In doing so, the applicant should give reasons for the withdrawing of the application.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-4-1
The
DFSA will acknowledge an application for relief and may request further information. The time taken by theDFSA to determine the application will depend upon the issues it raises.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-4-2
It is unlikely that the DFSA will waive the following Rules:
(b) Rules in COB chapter 4 and section 7.2; andHowever, modification of some of the above mentioned Rules may be possible.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-4-3
When considering an application, the
DFSA attempts to weigh the net regulatory benefit or detriment which would flow from granting the sought relief on the conditions proposed. TheDFSA will generally grant relief where:(a) it considers that there is a net regulatory benefit; or(b) the regulatory detriment is minimal as the relief sought does not conflict with the policy intent of the Rule and the associated risks are adequately mitigated.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-4-4
Relief will be given to overcome the disproportionate effects of provisions in exceptional cases, the anomalous effects of old provisions in novel cases for which they were not designed, and the unintended side effects of provisions.
For example, it may simply be the case that an applicant, such as an
Authorised Firm , needs more time in which to implement certain procedures or to carry out specified tasks. This commonly arises when new Rules are introduced requiring, for example,Authorised Firms to introduce new procedures or to carry out due diligence on financial products.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-4-5
All applications for waivers and modifications are handled by the Rules and Waivers Committee (RAWC). The objective of the RAWC is to consider and determine applications to waive or modify Rules and provisions of the Markets Law 2012.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-5 RPP 9-5 Publication of Waivers and Modifications
RPP 9-5-1
The
DFSA is required to publish all notices concerning waivers and modifications unless it is satisfied that it is inappropriate or unnecessary to do so4.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 Edition
4 Article 25(4) of the Regulatory Law 2004.
RPP 9-5-2
The
DFSA will publish a notice in such a way as it considers appropriate for bringing the notice to the attention of:(a) those likely to be affected by it; and(b) others who may be likely to become subject to a similar notice.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-5-3
The principal method of publication of waivers and modifications is by publication on the
DFSA website here. The fundamental principle behind publication is transparency. This allows any person dealing with the applicant, for example, its clients and competitors, to know to what extent the relevant legislation applies to the applicant.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-5-4
If an applicant believes that it is inappropriate or unnecessary for the
DFSA to publish the relief, or to publish it after a delay, or without disclosing the identity of the applicant, it should make this clear in its application.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-6 RPP 9-6 Withdrawal or Variation of Waivers And Modifications
RPP 9-6-1
Under Article 25(5) of the Regulatory Law 2004, the
DFSA may:(a) on its own initiative, or on the application of the person to whom it applies, withdraw a written notice of relief; or(b) on the application of, or with the consent of, the person to whom it applies, vary a written notice of relief.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-7 RPP 9-7 Enforcement of Waivers And Modifications
RPP 9-7-1
If a notice of relief directs that a provision is to apply to the applicant with modifications, then a contravention of the modified provision could lead to the
DFSA taking enforcement action.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-7-2
If relief is given subject to a condition, the relief will not apply to activities conducted in breach of the condition and those activities, if in breach of the original provision, could lead to enforcement action.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-8 RPP 9-8 Expiry And Extension of Current Waivers and Modifications
RPP 9-8-1
Where relief has been granted for a limited period of time (see paragraph 9-4-9) it is the responsibility of the person, to whom the notice applies, to monitor any expiry date.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-8-2
There is no automatic renewal process for any relief granted by the
DFSA for a limited period of time.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-8-3
It is the responsibility of the person, to whom the notice applies, to notify the
DFSA at least two weeks in advance of a notice expiry of their intention to apply for an extension of the relief or explain how they intend to comply with the original provision.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-8-4
Notification should be made through the same contact point as described in 9-3-3 and 9-3-4, namely either your usual DFSA supervisory contact, the dedicated contact portal or the general enquiries form on the DFSA website.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 9-8-5
The
DFSA will consider every application for extension of relief in the same manner as an initial application and will not necessarily grant extensions as a matter of course.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2015). February 2015 EditionRPP 10 RPP 10 Permissible Company and Trading Names for Entities Established in the DIFC
10-1 10-1 Introduction
10-1-1
This chapter sets out the
DFSA's policy on the names that Applicants,Authorised Firms ,Funds and other entities established in theDIFC should use.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-1-2
This chapter also sets out the
DFSA policy on approving applicants' use of particular names in theDIFC , and when theDFSA will use its prohibition power to prohibit anAuthorised Firm ,Fund or other entity established in theDIFC from using a name which is contrary to theDFSA's policy.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-1-3
This chapter is structured as follows:
(a) Section 10-2 sets out the purpose and scope of the chapter, including who it applies to;(b) Section 10-3 explains some of the guiding principles behind the policy;(c) Section 10-4 explains the source of theDFSA powers in relation to names of firms;(d) Section 10-5 describes theDFSA's general policy on the use by firms of the words "bank", "insurance" and "trust";(e) Section 10-6 describes the exceptions to the general policy set out in section 10-5;(f) Section 10-7 describes theDFSA policy on other matters such as the use of the words "investment bank", "fund" or "Islamic" and on the use of trading names;(g) Section 10-8 sets out theDFSA policy on the use of its power to prohibit the use of a particular name by anAuthorised Person or aFund ; and(h) Section 10-9 sets out theDFSA policy on giving consent to the use of certain names by unregulated entities.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-2 10-2 Purpose and Scope of the DFSA's Naming Policy
10-2-1
This policy aims to ensure that entities operating in or from the
DIFC use names that are fair and clear so as not to mislead consumers. Naming conventions forAuthorised Firms are an important element of consumer protection.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-2-2
This policy is aimed primarily at entities which are authorised to carry on a
Financial Service , which include applicants for Authorisation, or others which otherwise fall within theDFSA regulatory perimeter e.g. funds and trusts (referred to collectively as "firms" in this chapter). However, this policy will also be relevant to unregulated entities to the extent that such a person uses a name that suggests, or could suggest, that the person is authorised to carry on aFinancial Service .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-2-3
This policy applies to any entity in the
DIFC that uses or proposes to use in its business name or trading name:(a) the word "bank" or any of its derivatives;(b) the word "insurer" or any of its derivatives;(c) the word "trust" or any of its derivatives;(d) any other words connected to financial services;(e) any other words which suggest that it is authorised to carry on aFinancial Service ; and(f) any other words that are misleading in light of its actual business activities.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-2-4
Any reference in this policy to words used in names, such as "bank" or "insurance" includes their derivations, regardless of the language used, unless expressly stated otherwise.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-3 10-3 Guiding Principles
10-3-1
The
DFSA has considered and adopted international best practice in formulating this policy. In particular theDFSA has considered the international standards promulgated by the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision in its Core Principles for Effective Banking Supervision. These principles require financial services regulators to control the use of specific words related to the conduct of banking business. The key requirement is set out under "Principle 4":
"The permissible activities of institutions that are licensed and subject to supervision as banks are clearly defined and the use of the word "bank" in names is controlled";Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-3-2
The
DFSA adopts a similar policy approach for entities which use the word "insurance" or "trust" in their name and for the general use of names connected to financial services which may be misleading to consumers. This is to ensure consistency across industry sectors and to reflect the standards set out in theDIFC Companies Regulations.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-4 10-4 Relevant Laws and Regulations
10-4-1
In the
DIFC , a company, general partnership or limited liability partnership must seek the approval of the Registrar to the use of a particular name. The Registrar also has a very broad power to direct such persons to change their name if the name by which the person is registered is "misleading, conflicting or otherwise undesirable" (see for instance Article 19 of theDIFC Companies Law).Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-4-2
Additionally, the
DIFC Companies Regulations (COR) contain, in COR 2.3.2, a requirement to seek the prior approval of theDFSA if their proposed name contains:"(i) the word 'bank', 'insurance' or 'trust';(ii) words which suggest that it is a bank, an insurance company or trust company; or(iii) words which suggest in some other way that it is authorised to carry on a Financial Service within the DIFC."Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-4-3
Regulation 2.2.2 of both the General Partnership Regulations and the Limited Liability Partnership Regulations contain an identical rule.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-4-4
Under Article 75(1)(a)(iv) of the Regulatory Law 2004, the
DFSA has a power to prohibit anAuthorised Person from "using a particular name or description in respect of the Authorised Person". Under Article 75(1)(a)(v) of the Regulatory Law, theDFSA can also prohibit anAuthorised Person from "using a particular name for aFund or sub-fund of aFund ".Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-4-5
The
DFSA can also exercise the Registrar's powers underDIFC laws and regulations when acting as the Registrar's delegate.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-5 10-5 The General Policy on Use of the Words "Bank", "Insurance" and "Trust"
10-5-1
Any applicant for incorporation or registration in the
DIFC needs to seekDFSA consent to the use of certain names, including names which use the words "bank", "insurance" or "trust". TheDFSA will generally consent to the use of a particular name if the use of the name would not be misleading. TheDFSA will generally look at substance over form when considering requests to use a particular name.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-5-2
The basis upon which the
DFSA would consider a business name to be misleading would include:(a) where the use of a name is misleading because it does not accurately describe the actual activities of the firm; or(b) where the use of a name is misleading because it implies that the firm has a particular status that it in fact does not have.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition"Bank"
10-5-3
The
DFSA considers that if a firm name includes the word "bank" this can be misleading if the business does not, in fact, have the appropriate licence to carry out any banking activities. It may also mislead actual or potential clients about the quality and quantity of the firm's financial resources. The word "bank" also suggests that the firm may benefit from the protections afforded to banking customers by a depositor protection scheme or an express or implied government guarantee.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-5-4
The
DFSA policy approach set out above is the same, irrespective of whether a business uses a derivative word such as "banking", "banker", "investment bank/banking", "merchant bank/banking", "commercial bank" or "private bank/banking". The word "Bank" is defined in theDFSA Rulebook, Glossary Module (GLO) as:"An
Authorised Firm which holds aLicence authorising it to carry on theFinancial Services ofAccepting Deposits "Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-5-5
The
DFSA will, therefore, only permit a firm to use the word "bank" or any of its derivatives if the firm holds aLicence toAccept Deposits and/orManage a Profit Sharing Investment Account on an Unrestricted basis. There are exceptions to this general policy, which we set out below in section 10-6.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition"Insurance" and "Trust"
10-5-6
The same general principles in 10-5-2 (a) and (b) apply to the use of the words "insurance" and "trust" and any of their derivatives such as "insurer", "reinsurance", "reinsurer", "insurance/reinsurance company", "insurance/reinsurance broker", "trustee", or "trust company".
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-5-7
In the case of the use of the word "insurance" in a firm name, it should be noted that "Insurance Business" is defined in GLO as:
"The business of
Effecting Contracts of Insurance orCarrying Out Contracts of Insurance , including effecting or carrying out contracts of reinsurance (as reinsurer)."Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-5-8
The
DFSA will, therefore, only permit a firm to use the word "insurance" or any of its derivatives if the firm holds aLicence toEffect Contracts of Insurance orCarry Out Contracts of Insurance . There are exceptions to this general policy which we set out below in section 10-6.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-6 10-6 Exceptions to the General Policy
Branches of non-DIFC companies and partnerships
10-6-1
An exception to the general policy on the use of the terms "bank" and "insurance" set out in section 10-5 above is where the relevant firm is a
Branch of a non-DIFC licensed bank or insurance company.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-6-2
For example, if a firm is a
Branch of a bank, which is licenced as a bank in its home state jurisdiction, because theBranch is the same legal entity as its Head Office, it is in fact itself a bank. However, such firms should use their Head Office name with added words which describe their legal status. This is to ensure that the name does not mislead in any way. For example, the Head Office of ABC Bank PLC may call its DIFC Branch "ABC Bank PLC (DIFC Branch)".Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-6-3
The above policy would apply even if the DIFC Branch is not authorised to
Accept Deposits . However, the Head Office's licence in its home state must include authorisation toAccept Deposits or the equivalent local financial service if the firm wishes to use the word "bank" in its name in theDIFC . In other words, if the name of the Head Office includes the word "bank" but the Head Office is not in fact permitted toAccept Deposits , the DIFC Branch will not be permitted to use the word "bank" in its name or would be required to follow the policy set out in paragraphs 10-6-4 to 10-6-6 below.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 EditionDIFC-incorporated companies and partnerships
10-6-9
The examples above would apply equally to insurance companies and intermediaries. In particular, the
DFSA would expect an insurance broker or other intermediary which uses the word "insurance" in its name to ensure that its name adequately describes its permitted activities by, for example, appending the word "broker" in the name. The use of the word "insurance" by an insurance intermediary without further description could be misleading; consumers might assume that the firm is an insurer which benefits from a strong capital base.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-6-4
A further exception to the general policy on the use of the terms "bank" and "insurance" set out in section 10-5 above applies to a
Domestic Firm . TheDFSA would permit aDomestic Firm , whose immediate parent is aBank orInsurer , to refer to the parent's name in its name, provided that the name is not actually or potentially misleading.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-6-5
In order to not be misleading, the
DFSA would expect the firm to append words to their parent's name which describe the firm'sDIFC activities. For example, assuming that ABC Bank PLC has aDIFC subsidiary which is a Category 3C firm, theDFSA would accept the name "ABC Bank Asset Management Limited" for the firm.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-6-6
For the avoidance of doubt, if the
DIFC entity does not itself hold aLicence toAccept Deposits , it will not be able to use the name of its parent (which is a bank) without some qualification.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-6-7
In some cases, a firm's immediate parent may be an intermediate company. In such cases, provided that the intermediate company is not an operating company (for example, because it has been established to hold the Group's Middle East subsidiaries or because it was established for tax purposes) the firm may refer to the intermediate company's parent's name in their name, provided that the name does not mislead in any way.
Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-6-8
For example, assuming that ABC Bank PLC has a subsidiary, ABC Bank Middle East Holdings Ltd, which was established to hold ABC Bank PLC's Middle East subsidiaries, a Category 3C
DIFC subsidiary of ABC Bank Middle East Holdings Ltd could use the name "ABC Bank Asset Management Limited".Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-7 10-7 Other Matters
Investment, Merchant or Private Bank
10-7-1
The
DFSA considers that firms which include the words "investment bank" in their name pose less risk of misleading the consumers because the concept of an investment bank is less closely associated with deposit taking. Historically, theDFSA has permitted a firm to use the words "investment bank" in its name (in the absence of the firm having a Deposit Taking authorisation) provided that the firm's activities involve what would commonly be described as investment banking activities. TheDFSA considers that investment banking activities would generally include Dealing as Principal in combination with one or more ofProviding Credit , and Advising or Arranging on Financial Products or Credit.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-7-2
When assessing whether a firm is undertaking investment banking activities, the
DFSA will adopt a substance over form approach. As a general rule, theDFSA would not consider that a Prudential Category 4 firm is undertaking investment banking activities. TheDFSA would adopt the same general policy to the use of the words "merchant bank" or "private bank" in anAuthorised Firm's name.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 EditionFund
10-7-3
The
DFSA naming policy for entities which use the word "fund" in their name, including aFund , adopts the same fundamental principle as that described in section 10-5 above. When considering whether the name of aFund is appropriate, or whether to permit an entity which is not aFund to use the word "fund" in its name, theDFSA will adopt a substance over form approach and in particular will consider whether the use of a name is misleading because the name:(a) does not accurately describe the actual activities of the firm orFund ; or(b) implies that the entity has a particular status that it, in fact, does not have.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-7-4
An example of a misleading name for a
Fund would be where the name does not reflect the actual nature of the investments which theFund invests in. So "ABC Emerging MarketsFund " would not be an appropriate name for aFund that does not in fact invest in emerging markets investments. CIR Rule 7.1.4, and the subsequent Guidance, provide further information on what is and is not permissible as regards the name of aDomestic Fund .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 EditionIslamic firms
10-7-5
Where a firm uses the word "Islamic" in its name, the
DFSA would expect the firm to have an endorsement on itsLicence to carry outIslamic Financial Business as anIslamic Financial Institution or by way of anIslamic Window .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 EditionRepresentative offices
10-7-6
An
Authorised Firm which is a Representative Office must be aBranch . Therefore, it will generally take the name of its Head Office. However, in order not to mislead consumers, theDFSA will require aRepresentative Office to ensure that its name adequately describes the very restrictive nature of itsLicence e.g. "ABC Bank (DIFC Representative Office)".Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 11th February 2020). February 2020 EditionTrading names
10-7-7
The
DFSA naming policy for firms applies to any trading names used by firms and would also apply to any name used by a firm to describe a particular capability or division of the firm, including on the firm's website or in brochures. For example, theDFSA would consider it misleading if a Prudential Category 4 firm stated on its website that it has an "investment banking" or "asset management" division in theDIFC .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-8 10-8 Using the Prohibition Power
10-8-1
Article 75(1)(a)(iv) of the Regulatory Law 2004 permits the
DFSA to prohibit anAuthorised Person from using a particular name or description in relation to its business. It is a strong power that theDFSA will use if it considers that a prohibition is necessary in order to ensure customers,Authorised Persons or the financial system are not adversely affected.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-8-2
Before deciding whether to use of the Article 75(1)(a)(iv) power, the
DFSA will generally try to resolve any concerns that it has with anAuthorised Person's name using informal channels, and would generally seek a voluntary undertaking by the firm to change its name. However, in urgent cases, theDFSA may use the prohibition power without, or with very little, prior notice in accordance with paragraph 4(7) of Schedule 3 of the Regulatory Law 2004.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-8-3
Ordinarily, if the
DFSA has concerns about an Authorised Person's name, trading name or business description, it will write to the person explaining its concerns about the particular name and will provide the firm with a period in which to respond to its concerns. If, following receipt of any response, theDFSA remains dissatisfied with the continued use of the particular name, theDFSA will write to the firm and ask the firm to agree to cease using the name. TheDFSA will give the person a reasonable period of time in order to change their name. If the person does not agree to change their name or continues to use the name after the time allowed to change the name, theDFSA will use Article 75(1)(a)(iv) of the Regulatory Law in order to prohibit the use of the name. Where a person refuses to comply with an Article 75(1)(a)(iv) notice, theDFSA would generally seek to enforce the notice in theDIFC Court under Article 92 of the Regulatory Law.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-8-4
The
DFSA would take this naming policy into consideration when deciding whether to use its Article 75(1)(a)(iv) power and, in particular, relevant factors that it would consider prior to using the power would include:(a) whether theAuthorised Person holds the requiredDFSA Authorisations to carry on the relevantFinancial Service s;(b) the extent to which theAuthorised Person's name or description reflects the substance of the firm'sFinancial Service s activities in or from theDIFC ;(c) whether the use of certain words could mislead the public into thinking that theAuthorised Firm is operating a banking or insurance business in or from theDIFC when the firm is not; and(d) whether the use of certain words could otherwise mislead consumers about theAuthorised Person's activities in or from theDIFC .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-8-5
The
DFSA will adopt a similar process and approach when deciding to use its Article 75(1)(a)(v) power in relation to aFund .Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-8-6
When the
DFSA exercises its Article 75(1)(a)(v) power in relation to anAuthorised Person , the person may refer the matter to theFinancial Markets Tribunal for review.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 Edition10-9 10-9 Unregulated Entities
10-9-1
Where
DFSA consent to the use of a particular name is sought by an unregulated entity, theDFSA will only consent to the use of the name if it is reasonably satisfied that the name does not suggest in some way that the person is authorised to carry on aFinancial Service in or from theDIFC . Where theDFSA considers that a person in theDIFC , which is an unregulated entity, has a name that uses words which suggest in some way that the person is authorised to carry on aFinancial Service in or from theDIFC , theDFSA will write to the person and ask them to cease using the name. TheDFSA will give the person a reasonable period of time in order to change their name. If the person continues to use the name after the time allowed to change the name, theDFSA will use legal means to stop the person using the name.Derived from Notice of Updates (Made 14th July 2015). July 2015 EditionAppendix 1 [Deleted]
Deleted (Made 21st August 2014). August 2014 Edition