Entire Section
RPP 2-2 RPP 2-2 Assessing the Fitness and Propriety of Authorised Persons
Introduction
RPP 2-2-1
This section sets out matters which the
DFSA takes into consideration when assessing the fitness and propriety of anAuthorised Person (including applicants). There are some matters in this section which apply to allAuthorised Persons and some which are specific to either anAuthorised Firm or anAuthorised Market Institution . Such matters should be read in conjunction with those requirements relating toAuthorised Firms (see chapter 7 of the GEN module) andAuthorised Market Institutions (see chapters 2 and 7 of the AMI module).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 2-2-2
The
DFSA may have regard to all relevant matters, whether arising in theDIFC or elsewhere. TheDFSA may determine the materiality of any information for the purposes of considering whether anAuthorised Person has demonstrated, or continues to demonstrate, that it is fit and proper.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 2-2-3
The
DFSA may request or require any information which it considers relevant to its consideration of an application by anAuthorised Person .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 2-2-4
In considering any specific matters, the
DFSA may request reviews by an appropriately skilled third party on any aspect of theAuthorised Person's proposed or actual activities or the environment in which the applicant predominantly operates. TheDFSA will normally agree to the scope of any reviews performed. Such reviews will ordinarily be at the applicant's sole expense.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Background and History
RPP 2-2-5
In respect of the background and history of an
Authorised Person , theDFSA may have regard to any matters including, but not limited to, the following:(a) any matter affecting the propriety of theAuthorised Person's conduct, whether or not such conduct may have resulted in the commission of a criminal offence or the contravention of the law or the institution of legal or disciplinary proceedings of whatever nature;(b) whether anAuthorised Person has ever been the subject of disciplinary procedures by a government body or agency or any self regulating organisation or other professional body;(c) a contravention of any provision of financial services legislation or of rules, regulations, statements of principle or codes of practice made under it or made by a recognised self regulatory organisation,Financial Services Regulator or regulated exchange or clearing house;(d) whether anAuthorised Person has been refused, or had a restriction placed on, the right to carry on a trade, business or profession requiring a licence, registration or other permission;(e) an adverse finding or an agreed settlement in a civil action by any court or tribunal of competent jurisdiction resulting in an award against or payment by an Authorised Person in excess of $10,000 or awards that total more than $10,000;(f) whether anAuthorised Person has been censured, disciplined, publicly criticised or the subject of a court order at the instigation of any regulatory authority, or any officially appointed inquiry, or any otherFinancial Services Regulator ; and(g) whether anAuthorised Person has been open and truthful in all its dealings with theDFSA .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Locations of Offices
RPP 2-2-6
An
Authorised Person should be able to satisfy theDFSA that it is in compliance with chapter 6 of the GEN module. In particular, section 6.5 of GEN module requires that if anAuthorised Person is aBody Corporate constituted under the laws of theDIFC it should maintain its head office and registered office within the boundaries of theDIFC . In considering the location of anAuthorised Person's head office, theDFSA may have regard to the location of its directors, partners, and senior management with respect to its strategic, operational and administrative arrangements. Where anAuthorised Firm is aPartnership with its head office in theDIFC , it must carry on business in theDIFC .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Close Links
RPP 2-2-7
GEN section 6.6 concerns
Close Links . TheDFSA should be satisfied that the existence ofClose Links do not prevent the effective supervision of theAuthorised Person by theDFSA .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Legal Status of Authorised Firms
RPP 2-2-8
The
DFSA will only consider an application for authorisation where the legal status of the proposed entity meets the requirements set out in section 7.2 of the GEN module or chapter 7 of the AMI module. In the case of non-DIFC firms other than companies limited by shares, the DFSA will consider whether the legal form is appropriate for the activities proposed.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 2-2-9
In respect of
Effecting Contracts of Insurance ,Carrying Out Contracts of Insurance ,Acting as the Trustee of a Fund , orOperating a Collective Investment Fund , anAuthorised Firm has to be aBody Corporate in accordance with GEN Rules 7.2.2(2) and 7.2.2(4) respectively.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 2-2-10
In respect of
Accepting Deposits or seeking toAccept Deposits , anAuthorised Firm has to be aBody Corporate orPartnership in accordance with GEN Rule 7.2.2(3).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]Ownership and Group
RPP 2-2-11
In respect of the ownership and
Group structure of anAuthorised Person , theDFSA may have regard to:(a) theAuthorised Person's position within itsGroup , including any other relationships that may exist between theAuthorised Person's affiliates,Controllers ,Associates or otherPersons that may be considered aClose Link (see paragraph 2-2-12 for considerations relating to Controllers and paragraph 2-2-7 for considerations relating to Close Links);(b) the financial strength of aController and other members of theGroup and its implications for theAuthorised Person ; and(c) whether theGroup has a structure which makes it possible to:(i) exercise effective supervision;(ii) exchange information among regulators who superviseGroup members; and(iii) determine the allocation of responsibility among the relevant regulators;(d) any information provided by other regulators or third parties in relation to theAuthorised Person or any entity within itsGroup ;(e) whether theAuthorised Person or itsGroup is subject to any adverse effect or considerations arising from a country or countries of incorporation , establishment and operations of any member of itsGroup . In considering such matters, theDFSA may also have regard to the type and level of regulatory oversight in the relevant country or countries of theGroup members, the regulatory infrastructure and adherence to internationally held conventions and standards that theDFSA may have adopted in itsRules .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionControllers
RPP 2-2-12
In respect of the
Controllers of anAuthorised Person , the DFSA may, taking into account the nature, scale and complexity of the firm's business and organisation, have regard to:(a) the background, history and principal activities of theAuthorised Person's Controllers , including that of theController's Directors ,Partners or other officers associated with theAuthorised Person , and the degree of influence that they are, or may be, able to exert over theAuthorised Person and/or its activities;(b) where theController will exert significant management influence over theAuthorised Person , the reputation and experience of theController or any individual within theController ;(c) the financial strength of aController and its implications for theAuthorised Person's ability to ensure the sound and prudent management of its affairs, in particular where such aController agrees to contribute any funds or other financial support such as a guarantee or a debt subordination agreement in favour of theAuthorised Firm ; and(d) whether theAuthorised Person is subject to any adverse effect or considerations arising from the country or countries of incorporation, establishment or operations of aController . In considering such matters, the DFSA may have regard to, among other things, the type and level of regulatory oversight which theController is subject to in the relevant country or countries and the regulatory infrastructure and adherence to internationally held conventions and standards that the DFSA may have adopted in its Rules.Added by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionRPP 2-2-13
Where the DFSA has any concerns relating to the fitness and propriety of an applicant for a licence stemming from a Controller of such a person, the DFSA may consider imposing licence conditions designed to address such concerns. For example, the DFSA may impose, in the case of a start-up, a licence condition that there should be shareholder agreement to resort to an effective shareholder dispute resolution mechanism.
Added by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionResources, Systems and Controls
RPP 2-2-14
The
DFSA may have regard to whether theAuthorised Person has sufficient resources, including the appropriate systems and controls (including those set out in chapter 5 of the GEN module), such as:(a) theAuthorised Person's financial resources and whether it complies, or will comply, with any applicable financialRules , and whether theAuthorised Person appears in a position to be able to continue to comply with suchRules ;(b) the extent to which theAuthorised Person is or may be able to secure additional capital in a form acceptable to theDFSA where this appears likely to be necessary at any stage in the future;(c) the availability of sufficient competent human resources to conduct and manage theAuthorised Person's affairs, in addition to the availability of sufficientAuthorised Individuals to conduct and manage theAuthorised Person's Financial Services ;(d) whether theAuthorised Person has sufficient and appropriate systems and procedures in order to support, monitor and manage its affairs, resources and regulatory obligations in a sound and prudent manner;(e) whether theAuthorised Person has appropriate anti money laundering procedures and systems designed to ensure full compliance with applicable money laundering and counter terrorism legislation, and relevant UN Security Council sanctions and resolutions, including arrangements to ensure that all relevant staff are aware of their obligations;(f) the impact of other members of theAuthorised Person's Group on the adequacy of theAuthorised Person's resources and in particular, though not exclusively, the extent to which theAuthorised Person is or may be subject to consolidated prudential supervision by theDFSA or anotherFinancial Services Regulator ;(g) whether theAuthorised Firm is able to provide sufficient evidence about the source of funds available to it, to the satisfaction of theDFSA . This is particularly relevant in the case of a start-up entity; and(h) the matters specified in paragraph 2-2-12(c).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 20th December 2012). December 2012 EditionAuthorised Firms — Collective suitability of Individuals or Other Persons Connected to the Authorised Firm
RPP 2-2-13
Notwithstanding that individuals performing
Licensed Functions are required to beAuthorised Individuals and that anAuthorised Firm is required to appoint certainAuthorised Individuals to certain functions as stated in chapter 7 of the GEN module, theDFSA will also consider:(a) the collective suitability of all of theAuthorised Firm's staff taken together, and whether there is a sufficient range of individuals with appropriate knowledge, skills and experience to understand, operate and manage theAuthorised Firm's affairs in a sound and prudent manner;(b) the composition of theGoverning Body of theAuthorised Firm . The factors that would be taken into account by theDFSA in this context include, depending on the nature, scale and complexity of the firm's business and its organisational structure, whether:(i) theGoverning Body has a sufficient number of members with relevant knowledge, skills and expertise among them to provide effective leadership, direction and oversight of theAuthorised Firm's business. For this purpose, the members of theGoverning Body should be able to demonstrate that they have, and would continue to maintain, including through training, necessary skills, knowledge and understanding of the firm's business to be able to fulfil their roles;(ii) the individual members of theGoverning Body have the commitment necessary to fulfil their roles, demonstrated, for example, by a sufficient allocation of time to the affairs of the firm and reasonable limits on the number of memberships held by them in otherBoards of Directors or similar positions. In particular, theDFSA will consider whether the membership in otherBoards of Directors or similar positions held by individual members of theGoverning Body has the potential to conflict with the interests of theAuthorised Firm and its customers and stakeholders; and(iii) there is a sufficient number of independent members on theGoverning Body . TheDFSA will consider a member of theGoverning Body to be "Independent" if he is found, on reasonable grounds by theGoverning Body , to be independent in character and judgement and able to make decisions in a manner that is consistent with the best interests of theAuthorised Firm ;(c) the position of theAuthorised Firm in anyGroup to which it belongs;(d) the individual or collective suitability of anyPerson orPersons connected with theAuthorised Firm ;(e) the extent to which theAuthorised Firm has robust human resources policies designed to ensure high standards of conduct and integrity in the conduct of its activities;(f) whether theAuthorised Firm has appointed auditors, actuaries and advisers with sufficient experience and understanding in relation to the nature of theAuthorised Firm's activities; and(g) whether the remuneration structure and strategy adopted by theAuthorised Firm is consistent with the requirements in GEN Rule 5.3.31(1).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 EditionAuthorised Market Institutions — Other Considerations
RPP 2-2-14
In determining whether an
Authorised Market Institution has satisfied itsLicensing Requirements set out in AMI Rule 7.2.2, theDFSA will, in addition to the matters raised in this chapter, consider:(a) its arrangements, policies and resources for fulfilling its obligations under theLicensing Requirements ;(b) its arrangements for managing conflicts and potential conflicts between its commercial interest and applicable regulatory requirements;(c) the extent to which its constitution and organisation provide for effective governance;(d) the arrangements made to ensure that theGoverning Body has effective oversight of itsRegulatory Functions ;(e) the access theKey Individuals have to theGoverning Body ;(f) the size and composition of theGoverning Body including:(i) the number of independent members on theGoverning Body ;(ii) the number of members of theGoverning Body who representMembers of theAuthorised Market Institution or other persons and the types of persons whom they represent; and(iii) the number and responsibilities of any members of theGoverning Body with executive roles within theAuthorised Market Institution .(g) the structure and organisation of itsGoverning Body , including any distribution of responsibilities among its members and committees;(h) the integrity, relevant knowledge, skills and expertise of the members of theGoverning Body to provide effective leadership, direction and oversight of theAuthorised Market Institution's business. For this purpose, such individuals should be able to demonstrate that they have, and would continue to maintain, including through training, necessary skills, knowledge and understanding of theAuthorised Market Institution's business to be able to fulfil their roles;(i) the commitment necessary by the members of theGoverning Body to fulfil their roles effectively, demonstrated, for example, by a sufficient allocation of time to the affairs of theAuthorised Market Institution and reasonable limits on the number of memberships held by them in otherBoards of Directors or similar positions. In particular, theDFSA will consider whether the membership in otherBoards of Directors or similar positions held by individual members of theGoverning Body has the potential to conflict with the interests of theAuthorised Market Institution and its stakeholders;(j) the integrity, qualifications and competence of itsKey Individuals ;(k) its arrangements for ensuring that it employs individuals who are honest and demonstrate integrity;(l) the independence of its regulatory and listings departments from its commercial departments; and(m) whether the remuneration structure and strategy adopted by theAuthorised Market Institution is consistent with the requirements in GEN Rule 5.3.31(1).Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]
Amended by Notice of Updates (Made 5th July 2012). July 2012 EditionRPP 2-2-15
The
DFSA will consider aDirector to be "independent" if theDirector is found, on the reasonable determination by theGoverning Body , to:(a) be independent in character and judgement; and(b) have no relationships or circumstances which are likely to affect or could appear to affect theDirector's judgement in a manner other than in the best interests of theAuthorised Market Institution .Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]RPP 2-2-16
In forming a determination the
Governing Body should consider the length of time theDirector has served as a member of theGoverning Body and whether the relevantDirector :(a) has been an employee of theAuthorised Market Institution or group within the last five years;(b) has or has had, within the last three years, a material business relationship with theAuthorised Market Institution , either directly or as aPartner , shareholder,Director or senior employee of a body that has such a relationship with theAuthorised Market Institution ;(c) receives or has received, in the last three years, additional remuneration or payments from theAuthorised Market Institution apart from aDirector's fee, participates in theAuthorised Market Institution's share option, or a performance-related pay scheme, or is a member of theAuthorised Market Institution's pension scheme;(d) is or has been aDirector ,Partner orEmployee of a firm which is theAuthorised Market Institution's auditor;(e) has close family ties with any of theAuthorised Market Institution's advisors,Directors or senior employees;(f) holds cross directorships or has significant links with otherDirectors through involvement in other bodies; or(g) represents a significant shareholder.Derived from DFSA GM8/2011 (Made 28th April 2011). [VER 1/02-11]